Dissertation Research: MtDNA Analysis of the Anasazi (Ancestral Pueblo)

论文研究：Anasazi（普韦布洛祖先）的线粒体 DNA 分析

• 批准号: 9809609
• 负责人: James O'Connell
• 金额: $ 1.32万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9809609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; MtDNA; Analysis; Anasazi

BCS-9809609Under the direction of Dr. James O'Connell, Mr. Shawn Carlyle will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will extract MtDNA from ca. 75 Anasazi skeletons which derive from key sites. The remains span the whole period of Anasazi prehistory as well geographic range covered by this group. Using established protocols mtDNA will be extracted and cleaned. PCR will be employed to amplify target fragments. Appropriate mtDNA fragments will then be digested with four different restriction enzymes at six locations and screened for a 9bp deletion in haplogroups hypothesized to be the `founding` haplogroups of all North and South Amerindians. These data will be used to resolve issues associated with the general genetic structure of the Anasazi peoples and, in combination with other comparable data, shed light on questions relating to the origins of the group and their relations with other similar entities. Anasazi peoples inhabited the Southwestern US prehistorically and are likely the direct ancestors to Pueblo societies present in the region today. The Anasazi are well known archaeologically for the large multistory dwellings they constructed at sites such as Chaco Canyon and the road system which linked far-flung villages. With only a simple technology Anasazi populations flourished for centuries in an arid and unpredictable environment in a system which linked people and distributed food over hundreds of miles. While Anasazi peoples shared more traits in common with each other than with other prehistoric groups and thus stand distinct, a significant amount of internal variation existed and it is not clear how many subgroups may have existed. Likewise the origins of the Anasazi themselves are poorly known. Because aspects of their culture have closest counterparts in Middle America many prehistorians postulate that they moved into the Southwest USA from Mexico. However it is also possible that traits rather than people moved. The genetic data which Mr. Carlyle collects will increase our understanding of these issues. This research is important for several reasons. It will shed new light on the most important prehistoric Native American group in the U.S. Southwest. When set in a broader comparative context it will provide new information on the larger population structure of prehistoric North and Middle America. The project will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

BCS-9809609在詹姆斯·奥康奈尔博士的指导下，肖恩·卡莱尔先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将从CA中提取MtDNA。75具来自关键地点的阿纳萨齐人骨骼。这些遗骸跨越了阿纳萨齐史前的整个时期，以及这个群体所覆盖的地理范围。使用已建立的方案提取和清洁mtDNA。将采用PCR扩增靶片段。然后用四种不同的限制性内切酶在六个位点消化适当的mtDNA片段，并在假设为所有南北美洲印第安人的“创始”单倍群的单倍群中筛选9 bp缺失。这些数据将用于解决与阿纳萨齐人的一般遗传结构有关的问题，并与其他可比数据相结合，阐明与该群体的起源及其与其他类似实体的关系有关的问题。 阿纳萨齐人史前居住在美国西南部，可能是今天该地区普韦布洛社会的直接祖先。阿纳萨齐人在考古学上以他们在查科峡谷等遗址建造的大型多层住宅和连接偏远村庄的道路系统而闻名。阿纳萨齐人仅仅依靠一项简单的技术，在干旱和不可预测的环境中繁荣了几个世纪，在一个将人们联系起来并将食物分发到数百英里之外的系统中。虽然阿纳萨齐人之间比其他史前群体有更多的共同特征，因此彼此不同，但存在大量的内部变异，目前尚不清楚可能存在多少个亚群。同样，阿纳萨齐人本身的起源也鲜为人知。由于他们的文化在中美洲有着最接近的对应物，许多史前史学家假设他们是从墨西哥迁移到美国西南部的。然而，也有可能是特质而不是人移动了。卡莱尔先生收集的基因数据将增加我们对这些问题的理解。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为美国西南部最重要的史前美洲原住民群体提供新的线索。当设置在一个更广泛的比较背景下，它将提供史前北美和中美洲的更大的人口结构的新信息。该项目还将协助培训一名有前途的青年科学家。