Dissertation Research: Analysis of Ancient mtDNA from California's Central Valley

论文研究：加州中央山谷古代线粒体 DNA 分析

• 批准号: 0110612
• 负责人: David Smith
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0110612&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Analysis; Ancient; mtDNA

Ancient DNA is a valuable tool with which to test hypotheses relating to population movements and expansions in prehistoric times. Advances in molecular biological techniques, including the automation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), has made it possible to examine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extracted from ancient human remains. This provides an opportunity to directly investigate genetic material from prehistoric peoples. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest that prehistoric population movements in North America were widespread and common. Consequently, many contemporary Native American populations occupy a different geographical region from their ancestors and assessing relationships between ancient and modern populations is difficult without genetic information. In this project, ancient and modern DNA from populations in the Central Valley of California will be used to test specific hypotheses regarding the peopling and population structure of the region. Linguistic evidence suggests that a Penutian speaking population began replacing Hokan speaking populations in California Central Valley approximately 4000ybp. While archaeological and linguistic data suggest substantial interaction among the peoples of California, the Great Basin, and the Columbia Plateau, the genetic data obtained through ancient DNA studies in these regions will provide insight into the association between cultural similarities and biological relatedness. Migrations in prehistoric California have also been tied to the spread of technology in the last 3000 years. DNA extracted from these prehistoric human remains can be used to model the speed and timing of migrations of hunter-gatherer populations, and to examine the demographic consequences of a shift in resource acquisition practices. This information bears directly on modeling the timing and mode of the initial peopling of the Americas.

古代DNA是一种很有价值的工具，可以用来检验有关史前时期人口流动和扩张的假设。分子生物学技术的进步，包括聚合酶链反应（PCR）的自动化，使得检测从古人类遗骸中提取的线粒体DNA （mtDNA）成为可能。这为直接研究史前人类的遗传物质提供了机会。考古学和语言学证据表明，史前北美洲的人口流动是广泛而普遍的。因此，许多当代美洲土著居民与他们的祖先居住在不同的地理区域，如果没有遗传信息，很难评估古代和现代人口之间的关系。在这个项目中，来自加利福尼亚中央山谷人口的古代和现代DNA将被用来测试关于该地区人口和人口结构的特定假设。语言学证据表明，大约4000年前，在加利福尼亚中央山谷，说佩努特语的人口开始取代说霍坎语的人口。虽然考古和语言学数据表明加利福尼亚、大盆地和哥伦比亚高原的人们之间存在着大量的相互作用，但通过对这些地区的古代DNA研究获得的基因数据将为文化相似性和生物亲缘关系之间的关系提供深入的见解。史前加利福尼亚的移民也与过去3000年来技术的传播有关。从这些史前人类遗骸中提取的DNA可以用来模拟狩猎采集人群迁移的速度和时间，并检查资源获取实践转变的人口后果。这一信息直接关系到对美洲最初人类的时间和方式进行建模。