Why Do Countries Trade? Analytical and Empirical Inquiries

国家为何进行贸易？

• 批准号: 9810180
• 负责人: David Weinstein
• 金额: $ 38.68万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-15 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9810180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Why; Do; Countries; Trade; Analytical

9810180 Weinstein The most fundamental question in international economics is why countries trade. The principal theories have been elaborated in great detail, but empirics and the most basic questions are unanswered. This project makes important contributions to some of these questions: What are the relative contributions? Of scale economies, technical differences, and endowment differences in explaining actual trade patterns? Why does the theoretically robust Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theory suffer the dramatic failure that has been termed the "mystery of the missing trade"? Can the new theory of trade identified by the rubric "economic geography" help to account for the international pattern of production and trade? More specifically, the project addresses the relative contribution of scale economies, technical and endowment differences to understanding the causes of trade by exploring a rich panel of Japanese firm-level data to address the issue of the determinants of trade. The project investigates the contribution to our understanding of international specialization due to recent research in the area dubbed "economic geography," by extending theoretical work by Krugman and Venables which allows for the monopolistically competitive goods to serve not only as final outputs, but also as intermediate inputs in the production of all of the other varieties and by broadening the concept of market access. Finally, the project addresses the problem known as "the mystery of the missing trade", i.e., the surprising finding that measured net factor trade is an order smaller than that predicted by Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek from national endowments. This project pursues cross-country technological differences using databases for OECD countries. Further insights will come from a comparison between import coefficients taken from Japan's national input matrix and direct measures from a panel of Japanese exporters. The project considers a variety ways of extending these insights to a broader samp le of countries. ??

国际经济学中最基本的问题是国家之间为什么进行贸易。主要的理论已经非常详细地阐述了，但是经验和最基本的问题没有答案。这个项目对这些问题中的一些做出了重要的贡献：什么是相对的贡献？规模经济、技术差异和禀赋差异如何解释实际贸易模式？为什么理论上稳健的赫克歇尔-奥林-瓦内克理论遭遇了戏剧性的失败，被称为“失踪贸易之谜”？以“经济地理学”为标题的新贸易理论能否帮助解释国际生产和贸易格局？更具体地说，该项目探讨了规模经济、技术和禀赋差异对理解贸易原因的相对贡献，通过探索日本公司层面的丰富数据小组来解决贸易决定因素问题。该项目调查了最近在“经济地理学”领域的研究对我们理解国际专业化的贡献，通过扩展克鲁格曼和维纳布尔斯的理论工作，允许垄断竞争商品不仅作为最终产出，而且作为所有其他品种生产的中间投入，并扩大了市场准入的概念。最后，该项目解决了被称为“缺失贸易之谜”的问题，即令人惊讶的发现，即测量的净要素贸易比Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek从国家捐赠基金中预测的要小一个数量级。该项目利用经合发组织国家的数据库研究跨国技术差异。从日本国家投入矩阵中得出的进口系数与一组日本出口商得出的直接指标之间的比较，将带来进一步的见解。该项目考虑了将这些见解推广到更广泛的国家样本的各种方法。？?