Collaborative Research: "The Impact of Education Finance Equalization on Students, Teachers, Schools, and State Governments"

合作研究：“教育财政均等化对学生、教师、学校和州政府的影响”

• 批准号: 9811386
• 负责人: Eugenia Toma
• 金额: $ 8.68万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-01 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9811386&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; Education; Finance

This research analyzes s a number of interrelated issues in school finance reform. The first part of the project continues a study of court mandated reform, but in this work the focus shifts from the impact of the courts on the distribution of dollars to the real consequences of successful school finance litigation. This part has three components, all of which share a common theme: what are the consequences of education finance reform for schools and students? First, the project looks at the impact of court ordered reform on the demand for private schools. Using matches of demographic data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Census of Population with school funding data from the 1972, 1982, and 1992 Census of Governments, it is possible to look at how private school enrollment changes as schools receive more funds because of finance reform. The unit of observation is the district. The panel nature of our data set allows the investigators to purge their estimates of the effects of permanent differences across districts. Second, the question is asked: what do schools do with the money they receive as a result court mandated reform? Do they lower teacher pupil ratios? Increase teacher salaries? Hire better educated, more experienced teachers? Expand course offerings? Increase use of computers? To address these questions, the study uses unique matches of the Common Core of Data to both the Schools and Staffing Survey and the 1988 National Educational Longitudinal Survey. Third, a case study is undertaken of finance reform in Kentucky. The Kentucky Supreme Court's 1989 decision in Rose v The Council for Better Education, Inc. was far reaching, holding that the entire state education system governance and curriculum as well as finance was unconstitutional. This part of the project involves a careful analysis of the Kentucky experience in the aftermath of Rose. This project also includes two research projects on school finance that go beyond court mandated reform. One is the impact of expanding labor market opportunities for women. At one time, teaching was one of the few occupations that welcomed women, and as a consequence schools could pay teachers far less than they were worth. While occupation segregation persists, women now have more options in the labor market than they once did. Consequently, the education finance system will have to raise additional funds in order to attract capable people to teaching. This part of research will study the hypothesis that the combination of stagnant wages for teachers and new opportunities for women may lead to a significant decline in the quality of people entering the teaching profession. The other project is fiscal federalism, demographics, and the demand for education. Previous research has found that support for public schools is negatively correlated with the fraction of the population that is 65 and older. The project will analyze the impact of the interaction of the aging population and increased centralization on public spending for education. This work will differ from past efforts in that it will allow for the possibility that the influence of an aging population on school spending depends in part on the organization of local government and the state's role in education.

本研究分析了S在学校财务改革中的一些相关问题。该项目的第一部分继续研究法院授权的改革，但在这项工作中，重点从法院对美元分配的影响转向成功的学校财务诉讼的真正后果。这一部分由三个部分组成，它们都有一个共同的主题：教育财政改革对学校和学生有什么影响？首先，该项目着眼于法院下令的改革对私立学校需求的影响。利用1970年、1980年和1990年人口普查的人口数据与1972年、1982年和1992年政府普查的学校资金数据相匹配，可以看到随着学校因财政改革而获得更多资金，私立学校的入学人数是如何变化的。观察的单位是地区。我们的数据集的小组性质允许调查人员清除他们对跨地区永久性差异的影响的估计。其次，问题是：作为法院强制改革的结果，学校将如何处理收到的资金？它们会降低教师的学生比例吗？提高教师工资？聘请受过更好教育、更有经验的教师？扩大课程范围？增加对计算机的使用？为了解决这些问题，这项研究使用了共同核心数据与学校和工作人员调查以及1988年全国教育纵向调查的独特匹配。第三，对肯塔基州的金融改革进行了个案研究。1989年，肯塔基州最高法院在Rose诉The Council for Better Education，Inc.一案中做出了影响深远的裁决，认为整个州教育系统的治理、课程和财政都是违宪的。该项目的这一部分涉及对罗丝事件后肯塔基州经历的仔细分析。该项目还包括两个关于学校财务的研究项目，这些项目超出了法院规定的改革范围。其一是扩大女性劳动力市场机会的影响。曾几何时，教师是少数几个欢迎女性的职业之一，因此，学校支付给教师的工资可能远远低于他们的价值。尽管职业隔离仍然存在，但女性现在在劳动力市场上的选择比以前更多。因此，教育财政系统将不得不筹集额外的资金，以吸引有能力的人从事教学工作。这部分研究将研究一种假设，即教师工资停滞不前，加上女性获得新的机会，可能会导致进入教师职业的人的素质大幅下降。另一个项目是财政联邦主义、人口统计和对教育的需求。之前的研究发现，对公立学校的支持与65岁及以上人口的比例呈负相关。该项目将分析人口老龄化和集中度提高对公共教育支出的影响。这项工作将不同于以往的工作，因为它将允许这样一种可能性，即人口老龄化对学校支出的影响部分取决于地方政府的组织和国家在教育方面的作用。