U.S. - France Dissertation Enhancement: Science and Technology Policy and the State - A Case Study of French Encryption

9813320威尔逊这个为期一年的美国-法国论文增强奖支持研究生之间的合作研究，兰迪·史密斯Bessette的马里兰州大学，和法国国家政治科学基金会的蒂埃里·韦德尔。 Bessette女士是马里兰州大学国际发展和冲突管理中心主任Ernest Wilson的学生。 贝塞特将在法国呆上三个月，调查法国加密监管政策的发展情况。 加密是一种利用数学公式来保护数据和通信安全的技术，是一个有争议的公共政策问题。 在冷战期间，加密长期处于情报界的专属权限之下，现在是科学，商业，国家安全/执法和公民自由主义社区之间现代冲突的爆发点。 随着个人电脑的普及和互联网的发展，公众对加密的需求成倍增加。 随着活动转向私营部门，世界各国政府正在试图决定是否以及如何控制这项技术。 20世纪90年代初，法国实施了世界上最严格的加密控制政策之一，政府严格监管加密的进出口和国内使用。 1996年，法国逐步放宽了这些限制。 这项研究的目的是研究第一手影响法国政府政策最近变化的因素。 该项目将以法国为例，研究政府与科学界之间的政治关系，以及重塑现代国家与科学家关系的广泛的国际政治和经济因素。

9813320WilsonThis one-year US-France dissertation enhancement award supports collaborative research between graduate student, Randi Smith Bessette of the University of Maryland, and Thierry Vedel of the French National Foundation for Political Science. Ms. Bessette is a student of Ernest Wilson, Director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland. Ms. Bessette will spend three months in France investigating the development of French policies regulating encryption. Encryption, the technology that employs mathematical formulas to secure data and communications, is a controversial public policy issue. Long under the exclusive purview of the intelligence community during the Cold War, encryption now represents a flashpoint of modern conflict among scientific, business, national security/law enforcement, and civil libertarian communities. Public demand for encryption has multiplied with the spread of the personal computer and the development of the Internet. With a shift of activity into the private sector, governments worldwide are trying to decide whether and how to control this technology. In the early 1990s, France implemented one of the strictest encryption control policies in the world, whereby the import, export, and domestic use of encryption were heavily regulated by the government. In 1996 France gradually relaxed these restrictions. The objective of the research is to examine first-hand what influenced the recent changes in French government policy. Using France as a case study, the project will examine the political relationship between government and the scientific community and broad international political and economic factors reshaping modern state-scientist relations.