Doctoral Dissertation Research: Navigating a Changing Europe from Below Activist Cartographies by Social Movements in France and Spain

欧洲联盟正在经历激烈的政治和经济结构调整。 最近法国的抗议和骚乱以及西班牙的大规模边境口岸使人们关注劳动力市场灵活性和移民等重要问题。 这项研究将侧重于欧洲社会运动对制图的利用，这些运动的明确目的是开展研究和传播有关这些重组的信息，以加强公共辩论和公民行动。 虽然制图在政府、教育和私营部门继续发挥着重要作用，但令人惊讶的是，很少有人关注民间社会行为者如何制作和使用自己的地图。 本研究项目的重点是两个制图集体：西班牙的Hackitectura和法国的Bureau d'Etudes。它提出了三个主要问题：（1）地图绘制以何种方式在这些社会运动的活动中发挥作用，这些实践是如何在不同群体中传播的？(2)这些团体采用和发展了哪些制图做法？(3)社会运动对地图学的使用可能或已经以何种方式产生了理解灵活化和移民的新方法，以及它们以何种方式塑造了运动实践？除了与这些团体中的制图师就数据收集、分析和制图的技术方面进行合作外，本研究还使用了一种混合方法，包括档案研究、访谈、焦点小组和参与者观察。 通过关注民间社会行为者的制图生产的新兴浪潮，研究将有助于当代的研究和关键制图教学。在新的制图实践和新的社会用途的地图可能会出现在社会政策的关键问题，研究有可能有助于未来的制图研究和教学。 该研究还探讨了社会运动产生的知识和分析工具如何有助于有关劳动力市场和移民的社会政策辩论。最后，虽然这项工作侧重于欧洲联盟的进程，但涉及更广泛的背景。移民和劳动力市场改革已成为美国公共政策日益突出的特征。 这项工作说明了民间社会行为者如何结合加强公民参与决策进程的目标来处理这些问题。

The European Union is experiencing intense political and economic restructuring. Recent protests and unrest in France as well as massive border crossings in Spain have focused attention on important issues of labor market flexibilization and immigration. This research will focus on appropriations of cartography by social movements in Europe that are aimed explicitly at carrying out research and distributing information on these restructurings in order to strengthen public debate and civic action. While cartography continues to play an important role in government, education, and the private sector, surprisingly little attention has been focused on how civil society actors produce and use their own maps. This research project focuses on two cartographic collectives: Hackitectura in Spain, and Bureau d'Etudes in France. It asks three primary questions: (1) In what ways did cartography come to play any role in the activities of these social movements and how did these practices diffuse among different groups? (2) What kinds of mapping practices have been adapted and developed by these groups? (3) In what ways might or has the use of cartography by social movements produced new ways of understanding flexibilization and migration, and in which ways have they shaped movement practice? Besides working with the cartographers in these groups on the technical aspects of their data collection, analysis, and mappings, the research uses a mixed methods approach including archival research, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation.This study has implications both for Geography and public policy. By focusing on an emergent wave of cartographic production by civil society actors the research will contribute to contemporary research and teaching in critical cartographies. In that new mapping practices and new social uses of cartography may be emerging around crucial issues of social policy, the research has the potential to contribute to the future cartographic research and pedagogy. The research also asks how the knowledge and analytical tools produced by social movements contribute to social policy debates about labor markets and immigration. Finally, though focused on processes in the European Union this work speaks to broader contexts. Migration and labor market reform have become increasingly salient features of US public policy. This work speaks to how civil society actors are engaging these issues in tandem with the goal of strengthening citizen participation in decision-making processes.