LT: Environmental and Human Health Assessment Software for the Chemicals Manufacturing Industry

LT：化学品制造行业环境和人类健康评估软件

• 批准号: 9814504
• 负责人: David Shonnard
• 金额: $ 5.99万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-15 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9814504&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LT; Environmental; Human; Health; Assessment

9814504 Shonnard The chemical process industries have employed various pollution prevention methodologies in recent years emphasizing in-process reduction of waste generation via environmentally benign chemistry, material substitution and recovery/recycle of waste components. Most of these efforts have focused only on specific pollution reduction goals with emphasis on minimizing equipment and operating costs while attaining these goals. Unfortunately, focusing on single environmental endpoints neglects the reality that there are multiple environmental and human health impacts which are affected by process design optimization. The objective of this research, in an attempt to address these limitations, is to incorporate multiple environmental and human health considerations into chemical process designs using a methodology and software tool developed by the PI. The goal will be to illustrate how chemical process designs can change in response to different optimization targets. Targets will include traditional economic metrics of process performance, individual environmental impact indexes and cumulative weighted multiple environmental indexes. Specific research objectives are: (1) Incorporate an existing chemical process environmental assessment methodology and software tool to pinch analysis for VOC recovery from gaseous waste streams, (2) Demonstrate use of life-cycle assessment for substitute chemicals by applying to substitute refrigerants in the above case study, (3) Model the effects of property uncertainties on the pinch analysis study as they affect pollutants' environmental fate and transport characteristics, and (4) Create a computer-based hands-on demonstration for the Michigan Technological University Summer Youth Program. This grant is made pursuant to the joint NSF/Lucent Technologies Industrial Ecology Research Fellowships Program 1998.***

近年来，化学加工工业已经采用了各种污染预防方法，强调通过环境友好的化学、材料替代和废物组分的回收/再循环来减少废物的产生。 大多数这些努力只集中在具体的污染减少目标，重点是尽量减少设备和运营成本，同时实现这些目标。 不幸的是，专注于单一的环境终点忽略了这样一个现实，即存在多种环境和人类健康影响，这些影响受到工艺设计优化的影响。 本研究的目的，试图解决这些限制，是将多种环境和人类健康的考虑因素纳入化学工艺设计使用的方法和软件工具开发的PI。 我们的目标将是说明如何化学工艺设计可以改变响应不同的优化目标。 目标将包括工艺性能的传统经济指标、单个环境影响指数和累积加权多个环境指数。 具体的研究目标是：（1）将现有的化学工艺环境评估方法和软件工具纳入从气态废物流中回收挥发性有机化合物的夹点分析，（2）通过应用于上述案例研究中的替代制冷剂，展示替代化学品生命周期评估的使用，（3）模拟属性不确定性对夹点分析研究的影响，因为它们影响污染物的环境归宿和迁移特性，以及（4）为密歇根理工大学暑期青年项目创建一个基于计算机的动手演示。 该补助金是根据1998年NSF/朗讯科技工业生态学研究奖学金计划联合颁发的。