Collaborative Research: Solar Radiation Processes in the East Antarctic Sea Ice Zone

合作研究：南极东部海冰区的太阳辐射过程

• 批准号: 9815156
• 负责人: Stephen Warren
• 金额: $ 39.49万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9815156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Solar; Radiation; Processes

This project is a three-year study of what happens to solar energy at the interface between the antarctic sea ice and the atmosphere in late Spring and early Summer, specifically how the energy is apportioned among the ocean, the ice, and the lowest air layers. It will be carried out in cooperation with the Australian Antarctic Program, with field work on board the Australian ship Aurora Australis. The very high reflectivity of the seasonal antarctic sea ice cover reduces the input of solar energy at the surface, and the low thermal conductivity of the ice reduces the loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere, significantly affecting the climate of the Southern Ocean. As the sea ice decays in early summer the reflectivity is reduced and melting process is accelerated. Information about how these processes work is needed in order to develop appropriate and realistic sea ice models, and to integrate these into general circulation and climate change models. Three topics will be investigated: the distribution and types of snow and ice cover and their reflectance in the solar spectrum, the effect of clouds in transmitting incident solar radiation, and the distribution and absorption properties of organic material within the snow and ice. Calibrated downward and reflected upward irradiance observations will be used to infer the radiation balance at the surface and will be used to model the surface energy forcing for the antarctic sea ice region. The concentration and distribution of major organic absorbers will be determined from core samples within the ice, and their effect on the transmittance of energy within the visible and ultraviolet bands will be studied. Algal layers are frequently found within the antarctic sea ice, and have been proposed as a likely mechanism for initiating seasonal plankton blooms in the Southern Ocean.

该项目是一项为期三年的研究，研究在春末夏初，南极海冰和大气之间的界面处太阳能发生了什么，特别是能量如何在海洋，冰和最低空气层之间分配。 该项目将与澳大利亚南极方案合作进行，在澳大利亚南极光号船上进行实地考察。季节性南极海冰覆盖层的反射率很高，减少了表面的太阳能输入，冰的低导热性减少了海洋向大气的热量损失，严重影响了南大洋的气候。 初夏海冰衰减，反射率降低，融化过程加快。 需要关于这些过程如何运作的信息，以便制定适当和现实的海冰模型，并将其纳入大气环流和气候变化模型。将研究三个专题：冰雪覆盖的分布和类型及其在太阳光谱中的反射率、云在透射入射太阳辐射方面的影响以及冰雪中有机物质的分布和吸收特性。校准的向下和向上反射的辐照度观测将用于推断表面的辐射平衡，并将用于模拟南极海冰区域的表面能量强迫。 主要有机吸收剂的浓度和分布将从冰芯样品中确定，并将研究它们对可见光和紫外波段内能量透射率的影响。 藻类层经常在南极海冰中发现，并被认为是南大洋季节性浮游生物大量繁殖的可能机制。