Symposium: Function and Evolution of the Vertebrate Axis

研讨会：脊椎动物轴的功能和进化

• 批准号: 9817134
• 负责人: John Long
• 金额: $ 0.39万
• 依托单位: Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9817134&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Symposium; Function; Evolution; Vertebrate; Axis

According to the fossil record, from worm-like ancestors some 500 million years ago a group of animals evolved with a new kind of body, one with a bony internal backbone sporting an extended muscular tail. The animal group, of course, we now recognize as oour own -- vertebrates (from "vertebrate," the bones that make up the backbone). Less clear, however, is how the vertebrate body works and what difference its unique features have made to the evolutionary history of living fish, frogs, lizards, birds and mammals. These questions are the focus of a group of scientists gathering at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology in Denver in early January, 1999. While all vertebrates have a backbone, which is evidence of their shared evolutionary history, all have different versions built, much like the various models of cars and trucks made for defferent driving conditions, for different kinds of support and movement in different environments. The backbone forms the framework for the body's axis, which also consits of muscles, skin, and nerves. This complex system of bone, ligaments, tendons and muscle generates bending motions that allow a fish to swim, a lizard to run, and a dolphin to leep. Bringing together scientists from fields in biomedicine, mathematics, and biology, the symposium, sponsored by the Society's Division of Vertebrate Morphology, plans to highlight many of the new findings in this scientific field. Presentations will focus on three areas -- the skeletal support system, locomotion, and the design of the axial systems in general. Axial systems in various model organisms will be discussed, including hagfish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

根据化石记录，大约5亿年前，一群动物从蠕虫状的祖先进化出了一种新的身体，一种有骨质的内部脊椎，运动着一条伸展的肌肉尾巴。 当然，我们现在认识到我们自己的动物群--脊椎动物（来自“vertebrate”，构成脊椎的骨骼）。 然而，不太清楚的是脊椎动物的身体是如何工作的，以及它的独特特征对鱼类、青蛙、蜥蜴、鸟类和哺乳动物的进化史有什么影响。 这些问题是1999年1月初在丹佛举行的综合与比较生物学学会年会上一群科学家讨论的焦点。 虽然所有脊椎动物都有脊椎，这是它们共同进化历史的证据，但所有脊椎动物都有不同的版本，就像为不同的驾驶条件制造的各种型号的汽车和卡车一样，在不同的环境中提供不同的支持和运动。 脊椎构成了身体轴的框架，轴也由肌肉、皮肤和神经组成。 这个由骨骼、韧带、肌腱和肌肉组成的复杂系统产生弯曲运动，使鱼能够游泳，蜥蜴能够奔跑，海豚能够爬行。 由脊椎动物形态学学会赞助的研讨会汇集了来自生物医学、数学和生物学领域的科学家，计划突出这一科学领域的许多新发现。 演讲将集中在三个领域-骨骼支撑系统，运动，和一般的轴系统的设计。 将讨论各种模式生物的轴系统，包括盲鳗，硬骨鱼，两栖动物，爬行动物和哺乳动物。