Natural Disasters and Industrial Activities in the Urban Environment: Potential Impacts of Joint Events and Preparedness for Industrial Accidents Caused by Natural Disasters

*9817771斯坦伯格自然灾害对城市环境中的人的生命和财产构成重大威胁。人口密度以及随之而来的建筑物、基础设施、交通和信息网络在城市地区的集中，需要在自然灾害的应对和减灾规划中给予特别关注。城市空间中的土地使用组合，特别是在一些地区工业与住宅用途非常接近的情况下，在自然灾害规划中提出了特殊的问题。工业用途经常使用或生产危险材料，这些材料可能在严重的自然灾害事件中意外释放。自然灾害导致的潜在爆炸也可能成为一些工业活动的担忧。自然灾害导致的交通和信息网络中断可能会阻止或至少减缓对受自然灾害影响的工业现场的反应。因此，联合事件的后果可能会对环境和附近的居民社区造成灾难性的影响。这项城市研究计划(URI)是对联合事件对城市环境中的居民和财产的潜在影响的多方面、跨学科的研究，这些事件是一种自然和技术灾难。这项研究使用了案例研究的方法来调查两个地点，一个在加利福尼亚州，一个在路易斯安那州，支持石油精炼活动，也容易受到自然灾害的影响。此外，这项研究将调查行业、政府和个人对联合事件的准备情况，包括炼油活动附近的当地土地使用规划以及自然灾害和工业事故的缓解规划。将考虑现行的土地使用政策，包括土地使用指定和密度，并将根据联合灾害事件的特殊情况评估土地使用做法的合理性。这项调查使用了环境风险的定量建模、地理信息工具、调查研究和定性访谈的组合，以建立影响情景并确定社区对联合灾难的准备。***

***9817771 Steinberg Natural disasters pose a major threat to human life and property in urban environments. Population densities and the concomitant concentration of buildings, infrastructure, transportation, and information networks in urban areas require particular attention in response and mitigation planning for natural disasters. The mix of land use in urban space, especially in the close proximity of industry to residential uses in some areas, presents special issues in the planning for natural disasters. Industrial uses often use or produce hazardous materials that could be released unexpectedly during a severe natural hazard event. The potential for explosions as a result of a natural disaster also could be a concern for some industrial activities. An interruption to transportation and information networks as a result of a natural disaster could prevent, or at least slow, response to an industrial site affected by the natural disaster. Therefore, the consequences of a joint event could be catastrophic for the environment and nearby residential communities. This Urban Research Initiative (URI) research is a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary examination of the potential impacts of joint events, a natural and technological disaster, on residents and property in urban environments. The research uses a case study approach to investigation of two sites, one in California and one in Louisiana, supporting petroleum refining activities and also vulnerable to natural disasters. Furthermore, the research will investigate the preparedness of industry, government and individuals for response to a joint event, including local land use planning near petroleum refining activities as well as mitigation planning for natural hazards and industrial accidents. Current land use policy will be considered, including land use designation and density, and the soundness of land use practices will be evaluated given the special circumstances of a joint hazard event. This investigation uses a mix of quantitative modeling of environmental risk, geographic information tools, survey research, and qualitative interviews to build an impact scenario and determine community preparedness for a joint disaster. ***