Natural Disasters and Industrial Activities in the Urban Environment: Potential Impacts of Joint Events and Preparedness for Industrial Accidents Caused by Natural Disasters

城市环境中的自然灾害和工业活动：联合活动的潜在影响和自然灾害引起的工业事故的准备

• 批准号: 9817771
• 负责人: laura Steinberg
• 金额: $ 24.2万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-15 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9817771&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Natural; Disasters; Industrial; Activities; Urban

***9817771 Steinberg Natural disasters pose a major threat to human life and property in urban environments. Population densities and the concomitant concentration of buildings, infrastructure, transportation, and information networks in urban areas require particular attention in response and mitigation planning for natural disasters. The mix of land use in urban space, especially in the close proximity of industry to residential uses in some areas, presents special issues in the planning for natural disasters. Industrial uses often use or produce hazardous materials that could be released unexpectedly during a severe natural hazard event. The potential for explosions as a result of a natural disaster also could be a concern for some industrial activities. An interruption to transportation and information networks as a result of a natural disaster could prevent, or at least slow, response to an industrial site affected by the natural disaster. Therefore, the consequences of a joint event could be catastrophic for the environment and nearby residential communities. This Urban Research Initiative (URI) research is a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary examination of the potential impacts of joint events, a natural and technological disaster, on residents and property in urban environments. The research uses a case study approach to investigation of two sites, one in California and one in Louisiana, supporting petroleum refining activities and also vulnerable to natural disasters. Furthermore, the research will investigate the preparedness of industry, government and individuals for response to a joint event, including local land use planning near petroleum refining activities as well as mitigation planning for natural hazards and industrial accidents. Current land use policy will be considered, including land use designation and density, and the soundness of land use practices will be evaluated given the special circumstances of a joint hazard event. This investigation uses a mix of quantitative modeling of environmental risk, geographic information tools, survey research, and qualitative interviews to build an impact scenario and determine community preparedness for a joint disaster. ***

***9817771 Steinberg 自然灾害对城市环境中的人类生命和财产构成重大威胁。 在自然灾害的应对和缓解规划中，需要特别关注城市地区的人口密度以及随之而来的建筑物、基础设施、交通和信息网络的集中。 城市空间的土地利用混合，特别是在某些地区工业与住宅用途非常接近的地区，在自然灾害规划中提出了特殊问题。 工业用途经常使用或生产在严重自然灾害事件期间可能意外释放的危险材料。 自然灾害导致爆炸的可能性也可能成为某些工业活动的担忧。 自然灾害造成的运输和信息网络中断可能会阻止或至少减缓对受自然灾害影响的工业场所的响应。 因此，联合事件的后果可能对环境和附近的居民社区造成灾难性的后果。这项城市研究计划 (URI) 的研究是对联合事件、自然和技术灾难对城市环境中的居民和财产的潜在影响进行多方面、跨学科的研究。 该研究采用案例研究方法对两个地点进行调查，一个位于加利福尼亚州，一个位于路易斯安那州，支持石油炼制活动，但也容易受到自然灾害的影响。 此外，该研究还将调查行业、政府和个人应对联合事件的准备情况，包括石油炼制活动附近的当地土地利用规划以及自然灾害和工业事故的缓解规划。 将考虑当前的土地利用政策，包括土地利用名称和密度，并考虑到联合灾害事件的特殊情况，评估土地利用实践的合理性。 这项调查结合使用环境风险定量模型、地理信息工具、调查研究和定性访谈来构建影响情景并确定社区对联合灾害的准备情况。 ***