JASMINE, The Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment: Upper Ocean Survey During the Summer Monsoon

拟议的实验是一项为期两年的合作研究，目的是研究海气通量、海气相互作用、对流和上层海洋对夏季风在活跃和间歇(间歇期)之间振荡时的变化的响应。作为一项试点研究，海气季风相互作用联合实验(茉莉花)将对孟加拉湾地区进行海洋和气象调查。海气通量、大气状态和大气内对流将在一个被观察到是夏季季风季节内变化中心的区域确定。茉莉花是华盛顿大学、夏威夷大学和科罗拉多大学的合作项目。合作的这个部分将研究地表能量平衡和上层海洋热平衡，上层海洋的水文循环和淡水预算，以及海洋屏障层。印度洋暖池与热带西太平洋的不同之处在于，经向热量输送是热量平衡的重要组成部分。将讨论有关热分配的性质、流入印度洋的净热通量及其年度循环、季节内循环中的热平衡和地表能量收支变化等科学问题。孟加拉湾与太平洋的不同之处在于，有来自河流来源的大量淡水输入以及降水。将讨论下列科学问题：淡水输入的年度周期和地理分布、淡水输入在改变混合层和障碍层结构中的作用和SST的可预测性、淡水平衡及其在季节内和年际循环中的变化情况。障碍层(表层和温跃层之间的高盐度层)在决定西太平洋的性质方面起着关键作用。将讨论有关印度洋障碍层的可能存在和作用的科学问题。这项研究很重要，因为收集和随后分析一套全面的数据将对季风间歇期和活跃期的海-气相互作用产生深刻的见解。准确预测季风爆发和季风降雨量是一项科学挑战，也具有巨大的经济后果。

The proposed experiment is a collaborative two-year study of the air-sea fluxes, air-sea interaction, convection and the upper ocean response to the variations of the summer monsoon as it oscillates between active and the lulls in between (break periods). A pilot study, the joint air-sea monsoon interaction experiment (JASMINE) will conduct an oceanographic and meteorological survey of the Bay of Bengal region. Air-sea fluxes, the state of the atmosphere and convection within the atmosphere will be determined in a region that has been observed to be a centroid of intraseasonal variability in the summer monsoon. JASMINE is a collaborative project of the University of Washington, University of Hawaii, and the University of Colorado.This component of the collaboration will examine the surface energy balance and the upper ocean heat balance, the hydrological cycle and the freshwater budget of the upper ocean, and the ocean barrier layer. The warm pool of the Indian Ocean appears different from the tropical western Pacific Ocean in that meridional heat transports are an important part of the heat balance. Scientific questions regarding the nature of heat partitioning, net heat flux into the Indian Ocean and its annual cycle, and heat balance and surface energy budget variation over intraseasonal cycles, will be addressed. The Bay of Bengal sector differs form the Pacific Ocean in that there is a large input of freshwater from river sources as well as precipitation. Scientific questions regarding the annual cycle and geographic distribution of this freshwater input, role of freshwater input in modifying the mixed-layer and barrier layer structure and the predictability of SST, and freshwater balance and how it varies on intraseasonal through interannual cycles, will be addressed. The barrier layer (the higher saline layer between the surface layer and the thermocline) plays a critical role in determining the nature of the western Pacific Ocean. Scientific questions regarding the possible existence and role of a barrier layer in the Indian Ocean will be addressed. The study is important since gathering and subsequent analysis of a comprehensive set of data, will yield insights into the air-sea interactions during break and active periods of the monsoon. The accurate prediction of monsoon onset and monsoon rainfall is a scientific challenge that also has enormous economic consequences.