JASMINE, The Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment: Upper Ocean Survey During the Summer Monsoon

拟议的实验是一项为期两年的合作研究，研究海气通量、海气相互作用、对流和上层海洋对夏季季风在活跃期和间歇期之间振荡时变化的响应。作为一项试点研究，联合海气季风相互作用实验（JASMINE）将对孟加拉湾地区进行海洋学和气象调查。海气通量、大气状态和大气内对流将在一个已被观测为夏季季风季节内变率中心的区域确定。JASMINE是华盛顿大学、夏威夷大学和科罗拉多大学的合作项目。合作的这一组成部分将研究地表能量平衡和上层海洋热平衡、上层海洋的水文循环和淡水收支以及海洋屏障层。印度洋暖池与热带西太平洋的不同之处在于，经向热输送是热平衡的重要组成部分。将讨论有关热分配的性质、进入印度洋的净热通量及其年循环、热平衡和季节内循环的地表能量收支变化的科学问题。孟加拉湾与太平洋的不同之处在于，它有大量来自河流的淡水和降水。将讨论有关淡水输入的年循环和地理分布、淡水输入在改变混合层和屏障层结构中的作用以及海温的可预测性、淡水平衡及其在季节内和年际循环中的变化等科学问题。屏障层（表层和温跃层之间的高盐层）在决定西太平洋的性质方面起着关键作用。将讨论有关印度洋上可能存在的屏障层及其作用的科学问题。这项研究很重要，因为收集和随后分析一套全面的数据，将有助于深入了解季风间歇期和活跃期的海气相互作用。准确预测季风发生和季风降雨是一项科学挑战，也会产生巨大的经济后果。

The proposed experiment is a collaborative two-year study of the air-sea fluxes, air-sea interaction, convection and the upper ocean response to the variations of the summer monsoon as it oscillates between active and the lulls in between (break periods). A pilot study, the joint air-sea monsoon interaction experiment (JASMINE) will conduct an oceanographic and meteorological survey of the Bay of Bengal region. Air-sea fluxes, the state of the atmosphere and convection within the atmosphere will be determined in a region that has been observed to be a centroid of intraseasonal variability in the summer monsoon. JASMINE is a collaborative project of the University of Washington, University of Hawaii, and the University of Colorado.This component of the collaboration will examine the surface energy balance and the upper ocean heat balance, the hydrological cycle and the freshwater budget of the upper ocean, and the ocean barrier layer. The warm pool of the Indian Ocean appears different from the tropical western Pacific Ocean in that meridional heat transports are an important part of the heat balance. Scientific questions regarding the nature of heat partitioning, net heat flux into the Indian Ocean and its annual cycle, and heat balance and surface energy budget variation over intraseasonal cycles, will be addressed. The Bay of Bengal sector differs form the Pacific Ocean in that there is a large input of freshwater from river sources as well as precipitation. Scientific questions regarding the annual cycle and geographic distribution of this freshwater input, role of freshwater input in modifying the mixed-layer and barrier layer structure and the predictability of SST, and freshwater balance and how it varies on intraseasonal through interannual cycles, will be addressed. The barrier layer (the higher saline layer between the surface layer and the thermocline) plays a critical role in determining the nature of the western Pacific Ocean. Scientific questions regarding the possible existence and role of a barrier layer in the Indian Ocean will be addressed. The study is important since gathering and subsequent analysis of a comprehensive set of data, will yield insights into the air-sea interactions during break and active periods of the monsoon. The accurate prediction of monsoon onset and monsoon rainfall is a scientific challenge that also has enormous economic consequences.