Direct Digital Field Mapping Using Pen-Based Computers

NSF ILI-LLD 项目请求提供 80,000 美元的资金，支持一个为期 2 年的项目，将坚固耐用的现场便携式笔式计算机纳入野外地质学课程序列中，以使本科教学现代化。新的笔式测绘站的大小与典型地图板相当。但不是使用彩色铅笔来绘制地图，而是使用手写笔从显示岩性、结构符号和断层的图例中进行选择。全球定位系统 (GPS) 在必要时提供位置数据。数字地图直接在现场实时制作，无需使用地理信息系统 (GIS) 进行后续扫描和编辑。在加州大学伯克利分校（作为牵头机构）和俄勒冈州立大学科瓦利斯分校（约翰·迪勒斯教授担任合作 P.l. 的试验场），我们在地质测绘教学方面展示了长期的专业知识。我们相信我们可以开发一个新的教学计划，该计划可以作为从基本实地方法到高级夏令营的国家模型。高级选修课（矿床、地貌学和构造地质学）也将受益。为此，我们将开发一个可移植、可适应性、并可在其他机构应用的项目。在两年的项目结束时，我们将对项目的易用性、设备维护、可靠性、数据管理和专业地图的完成情况进行评估。顾问小组将协助我们扩大用户范围。全国学位趋势表明，学士学位课程的学生人数急剧增加，实地课程的入学人数增加，再加上最近推出的带有笔式计算机软件的集成 GPS-GIS 系统，表明这是一项及时的努力。因此，采用这种方法可以满足国家教育需求，更有效地将地理空间现象的直接观察与学士水平的现代计算工具结合起来。我们还希望为中学阶段开发有效的示范口粮。为此，我们设计了一个技术获取和培训序列，首先是在 UCB 和 OSU 的第一年购买 2 个替代计算机平台、GPS 和地图软件包并进行讲师测试。测试完成后，我们将购买经证明最具成本效益的集成系统，并使用约18台笔式野外便携式计算机（每台均配有GPS装置）在教学中实施。我们将开发、实施和完善全面的直接数字测绘能力。在教学上，教学将从使用铅笔和地形图的纸质副本绘制传统的地质特征图开始。然后，学生将转向基于计算机的绘图，也使用计算机屏幕上显示的地形基础。通过这项革命性技术，初步测试表明学生可以快速学习实时测绘以解决各种地质领域问题，从经典测绘到全现场实时数字测绘的转换是自然而然的。它需要与我们目前在培训学生时使用的模拟眼手协调技能完全相同。我们的实地直接数字测绘计划相对于过去的地图制作方法来说是一个令人兴奋的进步，过去的地图制作方法包括将纸质地图带回实验室，并花费数周时间将其数字化以生成数字地图。勘探和环境行业已经在使用这种类型的 GPS-GIS 绘图技术，我们必须让学生为这些快速发展的职业机会做好准备。

Funds amounting to $80,000 are requested from the NSF ILI-LLD program in support of a 2-year project to incorporate rugged, field portable, pen-based computers in the sequence of field geology courses in order to modernize undergraduate instruction. The new pen-based mapping stations are about the size of a typical map board. But instead of using colored pencils to map, a stylus is used to select from a legend showing lithology, structural symbols, and faults. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide location data when necessary. A digital map is made directly in the field in real time eliminating the need for later scanning and editing using geographic information systems (GIS). At both UC Berkeley which is the lead institution and OSU at Corvallis which is the test site where Professor John Dilles is a Collaborating P.l., we have demonstrated long-term expertise in instruction of geologic mapping. We believe we can develop a new instructional program which can serve as a national model for mapping from basic field methods through advanced summer camp. Advanced electives (ore deposits, geomorphology and structural geology) will also benefit. Towards this end, we will develop a program which is transportable, adaptable, and adaptable at other institutions. By the end of the 2-year program, we will evaluate the program for ease of use, equipment maintenance, reliability, data management and completion of professional maps. An Advisory Panel will assist us to broaden the realm of users. National degree trends which indicate dramatic acceleration of students in bachelor's programs and increased enrollments in field classes coupled with the recent availability of integrated GPS-GIS systems with pen computer based software indicate that this is a timely endeavor. Therefore, adoption of this approach can serve national educational needs to more effectively integrate direct observations of geospatial phenomena with modern computing tools at the bachelors level. We also wish to develop effective demonst rations for the Middle School level. Towards this end we have designed a technology acquisition and training sequence which begins with purchasing and instructor testing of 2 alternative computer platforms, GPS and mapping software packages during the first year at UCB and OSU. After testing is complete, we will purchase the integrated system which proves to be most cost effective and implement it in teaching using about 18 pen-based field portable computers each with GPS units. We will develop, implement and refine full direct digital mapping capabilities. Pedagogically, instruction will begin with traditional mapping of geologic features using pencil and a paper copy of a topographic map. The students will then move to computer-based mapping also using a topographic base illustrated on the computer screen. With this revolutionary technology, which initial testing suggests that students can learn quickly for real-time mapping to solve diverse geologic field problems, the conversion from classical mapping to full on-site real time digital mapping is natural. It requires exactly the same analog eye-hand coordination skills we presently use in training students. Our plan of direct digital mapping in the field is an exciting advance over the past methods of map making which has involved taking paper maps back to the laboratory and spending weeks digitizing them to produce a digital map. Exploration and environmental industries are already using this type of GPS-GIS mapping technology and we must prepare students for these rapidly-developing career opportunities.