Improvisation in Emergency Response Organizations: A Cognitive Approach

本研究的目的是为提高应急组织的即兴应变能力提供知识库。人们充分认识到，需要以培训和实时决策辅助的形式支持即兴发挥。这个项目的理论基础将是一个决策逻辑，它在即兴发挥中模拟认知过程，例如在有记录的紧急反应案例中表现出来。在三个实验中的第一个实验中，将根据决策逻辑支持决策者形成与实时问题解决中的任务相关的即兴创作的能力来评估决策逻辑的效率。在最后的实验中，逻辑将被嵌入决策支持系统，并在两个不同的游戏场景中进行测试，一个在欧洲，另一个在美国。这项研究的主要贡献将是提供(1)培训材料中体现的指导方针和为应急管理人员做好即兴准备的决策辅助，以及(2)应急响应中即兴过程的决策支持系统。

The objective of this research is to provide the knowledge base to improve the capability of emergency response organizations to improvise. The need for support in improvisation in the form of training and real-time decision aids is well recognized. The theoretical bases for this project will be a decision logic which models cognitive processes in improvisation as evinced, for example, in documented cases of emergency response. In the first of three experiments, the efficancy of the decision logic will be assessed with respect to its ability to support decision makers in fashioning improvisations which are relevant to a task in real-time provlem solving. For the final experiments, the logic will be embedded in a decision support system and tested in two separate gaming situations, one in Eurpoe and one in the United States. The principal contributions of this research will be in providing (1) guidelines as embodied in training materials and a decision aid for preparing emergency managers in improvise, and (2) a decision support system for the processof improvisation in emergency response.