CAREER: High Performance Packet Switches

职业：高性能分组交换机

• 批准号: 9875637
• 负责人: Nick McKeown
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-10-01 至 2003-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9875637&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Performance; Packet; Switches

The Internet is facing two problems simultaneously: there is a need for faster switching/routingcapacity to carry the continued growth of user data, and there is a need to introduce guaranteedqualities of service (QoS) for real-time traffic. Each problem can be solved independently - the fastest single-stage switches and routers can be made using input-queued crossbar switches, instead of shared memory systems limited by memory bandwidth. And QoS can be provided using numerous well-known techniques, such as weighted fair queueing (WFQ). However, until now, these two solutions have been mutually exclusive; all of the work on algorithms that provide QoS has required that switches and routers use shared memory or output queueing.The Next Generation Internet (NGI) will require hugely increased capacity, and distinguished and guaranteed qualities of service. Building on previous research on high performance switches and routers, the proposed work will follow three avenues in an attempt to solve the problem of simultaneously increasing network capacity and providing QoS:1. Switch Speedup. Using a new technique called "precise emulation via speedup", cross-bar switches can be built that precisely emulate output queued and centralized shared memory switches, yet use memories that run at only twice the speed of the external line. This promising technique enables switches and routers to provide guaranteed QoS at speeds much higher than before. In this work, new practical algorithms will be developed, studied and prototyped with the goal of making this technique available to the industry at large,2. The Fork-Join Router. This is a new highly parallel architecture for single-stage IP routers with aggregate capacities in excess of 1Tb/s. Using multiple forms of parallelism simultaneously, different parts of the system may operate at different speeds, allowing a particular implementation to make best use of the available switching, and forwarding technology. The router is highly fault-tolerant, degrading gracefully when sub-systems fail. Perhaps most importantly, the fork-join router can use the "speedup" technique for Terabit routers that provide precise QoS guarantees.3. The Streaming Processor. Network switches and routers require fast processing elements that process data as it "streams through." Streaming data is not processed well by traditional heavily-pipelined load-store RISC CPUs. There is a need for a processor architecture optimized for streaming data, in which the CPU is part of a larger system pipeline, and in which data with spatial, but not temporal, locality can be processed at very high speed. Such a device would enable faster forwarding decisions in routers, performfaster scheduling algorithms to provide QoS, and perform fast transcoding of net-work data.An important goal is to see the research used by industry and in the NGI. Therefore, a goal ofthe proposed research is to transfer the technology to the builders of "carrier-class" switching and routing equipment, and to encourage rapid adoption.

互联网同时面临着两个问题：需要更快的交换/路由能力来承载持续增长的用户数据，并且需要为实时流量引入有保证的服务质量（QoS）。每个问题都可以独立解决——最快的单级交换机和路由器可以使用输入排队的交叉开关，而不是受内存带宽限制的共享内存系统。并且可以使用许多众所周知的技术来提供QoS，例如加权公平队列（WFQ）。然而，到目前为止，这两种解决方案一直是相互排斥的；所有提供QoS的算法都要求交换机和路由器使用共享内存或输出队列。下一代互联网（NGI）将需要大幅增加容量，以及卓越和有保证的服务质量。在先前对高性能交换机和路由器的研究的基础上，拟议的工作将遵循三个途径，试图解决同时增加网络容量和提供QoS的问题：开关加速。使用一种称为“通过加速精确模拟”的新技术，可以构建跨栏开关，精确模拟输出队列和集中式共享内存开关，但使用的内存运行速度仅为外部线路的两倍。这种有前途的技术使交换机和路由器能够以比以前高得多的速度提供有保证的QoS。在这项工作中，新的实用算法将被开发、研究和原型化，目标是使这项技术在整个行业中可用。Fork-Join路由器这是一种新的高度并行架构，适用于总容量超过1Tb/s的单级IP路由器。同时使用多种形式的并行，系统的不同部分可以以不同的速度运行，从而允许特定的实现充分利用可用的交换和转发技术。路由器具有很高的容错性，当子系统出现故障时可以优雅地降级。也许最重要的是，分叉连接路由器可以为提供精确QoS保证的太比特路由器使用“加速”技术。流式处理器。网络交换机和路由器需要快速处理元素来处理“流”通过的数据。传统的重流水线负载存储RISC cpu不能很好地处理流数据。需要一种针对流数据优化的处理器架构，在这种架构中，CPU是更大的系统管道的一部分，并且可以以非常高的速度处理具有空间而不是时间局部性的数据。这种设备将使路由器能够更快地转发决策，执行更快的调度算法以提供QoS，并执行网络数据的快速转码。一个重要的目标是看到研究被工业和NGI使用。因此，拟议研究的目标是将技术转让给“运营商级”交换和路由设备的建设者，并鼓励快速采用。