The Soviet Experiment: Eugenics and Medical Genetics in Russia 1900-1990

苏联实验：1900-1990 年俄罗斯的优生学和医学遗传学

• 批准号: 9906180
• 负责人: Mark Adams
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-01 至 2001-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Soviet; Experiment; Eugenics; Medical; Genetics

This grant will allow the Principal Investigator to complete research and writing on a history of the nature-nurture debate as it unfolded in Russia, from pre-revolutionary times to the present day.The work will chronicle the creation of eugenics in the 1 920s by several groups of experimental biologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists, and physicians; analyze the research they conducted as part of the Russian Eugenics Society; chronicle the "demise" of eugenics in 1930 and its rapid transformation and rebirth as "medical genetics" in 1934; show how personal and professional networks were able to maintain the field's traditions "underground" during decades of Stalinism and Lysenkoism; and demonstrate the way these networks and institutions reemerged in the 1960s and 1970s to help shape the "new" Soviet biology of the Brezhnev era.Based on some twenty years of research, archival work, and interviews, as well as preliminary publications focusing on particular people, topics, and periods, the work will also include much information that has only recently become available, including data collected by the Eugenics Bureau on the Petersburg intelligentsia; archival documentation of Ivanov's attempt to hybridize humans and chimpanzees using artificial insemination, information on H.J. Muller's activities in Russia; recorded interviews with principals; and primary and secondary materials on the abiding connections between eugenics and Soviet psychology and psychiatry.By carefully tracking the field of human heredity, the institutions where it was studied, and the professional and personal networks that created and sustained them, I hope this work will help to revise and broaden our understanding of eugenics by providing a new national case study, illuminate the complex role of networks in sustaining Russian science under totalitarianism, and focus the attention of historians of science, technology, and medicine on the role of networks in the events they study, as well as affording a new and somewhat less culture-bound perspective on current bioethical issues and concerns. Given the topic and the rather startling character of much I will discuss, the work should be of interest not only to scientists, science historians, Russian historians, physicians, and bioethicists, but also to the broader public.

这笔赠款将使主要研究人员能够完成对自然恋辩论的历史的研究和写作，从俄罗斯展开，从革命前的时间到今天。这项工作将记录几个实验性生物学家，精神病学家，人类学家和生理学家，在1 920年代创建1 920年代的优生学；分析他们作为俄罗斯优生学会的一部分进行的研究；记载1930年的优生学的“灭亡”及其在1934年的“医学遗传学”的快速转变和重生；展示个人和专业网络如何在斯大林主义和lysenkoism的数十年中维护该领域的传统“地下”；并展示这些网络和机构在1960年代和1970年代重新塑造Brezhnev Era的“新”苏联生物学。在大约二十年的研究，档案工作和访谈的大约二十年中，以及初步的出版物，这些出版物既关注特定的人，主题，也将包括在内的数据，这些信息还将纳入其中，并将其包括在内，这些信息还包括在内，这些信息还包括在内，ER的数据已成为现实的数据彼得斯堡知识分子；伊瓦诺夫（Ivanov）尝试使用人工授精杂交人和黑猩猩的档案记录，有关H.J. Muller在俄罗斯活动的信息；与校长进行了访谈；以及有关优生学与苏联心理学与精神病学之间持续联系的主要和次要材料。通过仔细跟踪人类遗传的领域，研究的机构以及创建和维持它们的专业和个人网络的领域，我希望这项工作将有助于修订和扩大我们对EUGENIS的理解，并在新的国家案例中的理解，在众多的范围内进行努力，并拓宽了人们对界面的Russiantians的理解，公认的努力，众所周知的努力，众所周知，努力的努力，众所周知，众所周知的努力是众所周知的，科学，技术和医学对网络在他们研究的事件中的作用的历史学家，以及对当前的生物伦理问题和关注的新的且较少的文化影响观点。鉴于我将讨论的主题和令人震惊的特征，这项工作不仅应该引起科学家，科学史学家，俄罗斯历史学家，医师和生物伦理学家的关注，而且应该对更广泛的公众感兴趣。