Dissertation: Investigating Lineage Organization Among The Late Classic Maya of Northwestern Belize

论文：调查伯利兹西北部晚期古典玛雅人的谱系组织

• 批准号: 9908595
• 负责人: Don Rice
• 金额: $ 1.13万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-15 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9908595&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Investigating; Lineage; Organization; Among

Under the direction of Dr. Don Rice, Mr. Jon Hageman will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. The goal of his research is to understand the basic principles which underlay prehistoric Mayan social organization and to achieve this he working in a region of Northwestern Belize which was occupied during the Late Classic Period. This marks the height of the Mayan civilization and because this portion of Belize was only occupied during this interval, chronological control can be achieved. Mayan peoples successfully colonized lowland tropical regions at population densities considerably greater than their present day counterparts and with relatively simple technologies they created social/political/economic entities which bound thousands of people over large areas into integrated functioning units. They created enough surplus labor, over and above that needed for subsistence, to build large pyramids and to produce non-utilitarian luxury goods. In this region of Belize they also created canal systems for irrigation and water management. Although it is clear that wealth differential existed within Mayan society, in many regions clear-cut class differences are hard to discern and "class", many archaeologists believe is not a primary organizing principle. Based on both ethnographic data and examples from many other parts of the world, Mr. Hageman argues that these northern Belize groups were organized along lineage principles and that individuals were assigned to essentially equivalent parallel groups based on birth. While relative status and wealth varied within individual lineages, each group was headed by a single individual, had shrines which reinforced group identity, shared visible material characteristics and occupied a spatially contiguous area. Mt. Hageman will continue his archaeological research in this northern Belize region to determine whether data in fact support such a model. To accomplish this he will complete an ongoing regional survey to search for boundary markers and examine the distribution of house mounds. He will also test and excavate at a series of sites to recover relevant information.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and shed new light on the basic Mayan principles of social organization. It will also contribute to training a promising young scientist.

在唐·赖斯博士的指导下，乔恩·哈格曼将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的研究目标是了解史前玛雅社会组织的基本原则，并在古典晚期占领的伯利兹西北部地区工作，以实现这一点。这标志着玛雅文明的高度，因为伯利兹的这一部分只在这段时间内被占领，所以可以实现时间控制。玛雅人成功地殖民了低地热带地区，其人口密度比现在的同龄人大得多，他们用相对简单的技术创建了社会/政治/经济实体，将大片地区的数千人捆绑在一起，成为综合运作的单位。他们创造了足够的剩余劳动力，超过了生存所需，用于建造大型金字塔和生产非功利的奢侈品。在伯利兹的这一地区，他们还建立了灌溉和水管理的运河系统。尽管很明显，玛雅社会内部存在着财富差异，但在许多地区，明显的阶级差异很难辨别出来，许多考古学家认为，这并不是主要的组织原则。根据人种学数据和世界其他许多地方的例子，哈格曼先生认为，伯利兹北部的这些群体是按照世系原则组织起来的，个人根据出生被分配到基本上相同的平行群体中。虽然个人血统中的相对地位和财富各不相同，但每个群体都由单一的个人领导，拥有加强群体认同的神殿，共享可见的物质特征，并占据空间上的连续区域。Mt.Mt.哈格曼将继续他在伯利兹北部地区的考古研究，以确定数据是否真的支持这样的模型。为了实现这一目标，他将完成一项正在进行的区域调查，以寻找界标并检查房丘的分布。他还将在一系列遗址进行测试和挖掘，以恢复相关信息。这项研究之所以重要，原因有几个。它将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并为了解玛雅社会组织的基本原则提供新的线索。它还将有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。