Proyecto Maya-Colonial: Postclassic Political Geography of Central Peten, Guatemala

玛雅殖民地计划：危地马拉佩滕中部的后古典政治地理

• 批准号: 9515443
• 负责人: Don Rice
• 金额: $ 33.06万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-01-01 至 1999-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9515443&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Proyecto; Maya; Colonial; Postclassic; Political

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Don Rice and his colleagues will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research in the Peten region of Guatemala. This research builds on a previously NSF supported project. The goal of the work is to understand what happened to Mayan cultures after the collapse of the `Classical Maya.` Archaeological evidence clearly demonstrates the degree of social complexity which was achieved at the height of Mayan development. Priest emperors ruled over large areas of lowland Middle America. A writing system was devised and the importance of monumental architecture is demonstrated by temple mounds which survive to present times. Both archaeological and textual data indicate that large numbers of people were integrated into single political units and that traditional agricultural techniques served to provide adequate food in a difficult lowland tropical environment. In approximately the 9th century AD however this classic Mayan society `collapsed` and the reasons for this are poorly known. DR Rice and his colleagues have focused on the time interval between the 9th and 17th centuries AD, when Europeans conquered this area. They have worked from early Spanish texts which described, and located - in a general way - major Mayan towns. Through on the ground survey they have located many of these and conducted trial excavations. This information has provided the framework for the current major excavation project which will allow the Mayan `decline` to be traced over a ca. 800 year interval. Drs. Rice, Rice and colleagues will excavate portions of 41 structures to obtain comparative data on site histories and functions of specific civic-ceremonial structure types. This project is important for several reasons. It will provide information on a little understood period of prehistory. The data it produces will be of interest to many archeologists and it will increase our understanding of how complex societies arise, and also decline.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，唐·赖斯博士和他的同事将在危地马拉佩滕地区进行三个实地考古研究。这项研究建立在之前 NSF 支持的项目的基础上。这项工作的目标是了解“古典玛雅”崩溃后玛雅文化发生了什么。考古证据清楚地表明了玛雅发展鼎盛时期所达到的社会复杂程度。祭司皇帝统治着中美洲低地的大片地区。一种书写系统被设计出来，纪念性建筑的重要性通过幸存至今的寺庙土堆得到了证明。考古和文献数据都表明，大量人口被整合成单一的政治单位，传统农业技术可以在困难的低地热带环境中提供充足的食物。然而，大约在公元九世纪，这个经典的玛雅社会“崩溃”了，其原因却鲜为人知。 赖斯博士和他的同事们重点研究了公元 9 世纪到 17 世纪之间的时间间隔，当时欧洲人征服了这个地区。他们根据早期的西班牙文本进行研究，这些文本以一般方式描述并定位了主要的玛雅城镇。通过实地勘察，他们找到了其中许多并进行了试发掘。这些信息为当前的主要挖掘项目提供了框架，该项目将使玛雅的“衰落”得以在大约10年的时间里被追踪。 800年间隔。博士。 Rice、Rice 和同事将挖掘 41 座建筑的一部分，以获得有关特定公民仪式建筑类型的遗址历史和功能的比较数据。 该项目之所以重要有几个原因。它将提供有关史前时期鲜为人知的信息。它产生的数据将引起许多考古学家的兴趣，它将增加我们对复杂社会如何产生和衰落的理解。