Molecular Diversity, Biogeography, and Species Concepts in Plankton Foraminifer

[9096558] norris浮游有孔虫的古海洋学和进化研究依赖于一个假设，即在形态上确定的物种中的个体具有共同的生态和进化历史。我们将使用多基因分析现代浮游有孔虫来研究这一广泛分布的远洋生物群体的系统发育和遗传变异。我们的目标是：(1)估计浮游有孔虫的遗传多样性；(2)研究这些类群主要基因型的地理和水柱分布与水文条件的关系；(3)研究基因型的形态和稳定同位素特征，以评估其生态独特性程度。通过对采集地点的海洋数据进行遗传分析、生态分析以及对有孔虫壳的稳定同位素分析，我们将能够测试水体和/或深度栖息地在浮游有孔虫的进化史和物种分布中的重要性。我们的工作将有助于调整形态物种概念，以更好地匹配自然种群的遗传和生态细分。这是建立基于有孔虫分布和古气候转移函数的现实古气候分析以及了解远洋生物的生物多样性和进化的关键要求。

9909658Norris Paleoceanographic and evolutionary studies of planktic foraminifera depend upon an assumption that individuals in morphologically-defined species share common ecologies and evolutionary histories. We will analyze modern planktic foraminifera using multiple genes to study the phylogeny and genetic variation in this widespread group of pelagic organisms. Our objectives are to (1) estimate the genetic biodiversity of living planktic foraminifera; (2) study the geographic and water column distribution of the major genotypes of these taxa in relation to hydrographic conditions, and (3) examine the morphological and stable isotopic characteristics of the genotypes to assess their degree of ecological distinctiveness. By integrating to the genetic analyses, ecological analyses of the oceanographic data from the collected localities, as well as stable isotopic analyses of the foraminiferal shells, we will be able to test the importance of water-masses and/or depth habitat in the evolutionary history and species distribution of planktic foraminifera. Our work will help adjust morphological species concepts to better match the genetic and ecological subdivisions of natural populations. This is a crucial requirement to create realistic paleoclimatic analyses based on foraminifer distributions and paleoclimate transfer functions as well as to understand the biodiversity and evolution of pelagic organisms.