Explosive Volcanic Episodes: Integration of the Deep Sea and Terrestrial Record

火山爆发事件:深海和陆地记录的整合

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    9909769
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2000-01-01 至 2003-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Sigurdsson9909769Ignimbrite flare-ups are explosive outpourings of magma that occur at convergent margins. Ignimbrite episodes are of fundamental importance in understanding the environmental impact of large scale explosive volcanism, the potential for volcanic hazards, and the geochemical cycling at subduction zones. The record of ignimbrite episodes is well preserved as volcanic ash fall layers in marine sediments. Recent drilling of ODP Leg 165 in the Caribbean recovered an exceptional 76 m.y.-long sequence with over two thousand ash fall layers. Two major explosive volcanic episodes - one of mid-Miocene and the other mid-Eocene age - originate from the Central American volcanic arc, where voluminous silicic ignimbrites were erupted in Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. This is a two-year project to address the nature of explosive volcanic episodes, or ignimbrite flare-ups, using the Central American and Caribbean deposits as a primary example. The principal objectives of the research are to 1) assess the frequency and nature of explosive events by using a high resolution chronostratigraphy, 2) characterize the composition and volatile content of a representative suites of tephra layers from the main volcanic episodes by using electron microprobe and ICPMS laser ablation analysis of glasses and minerals; 3) model the transport and deposition of ash layers, and 4) collect and analyze samples from major ignimbrite deposits in Nicaragua and Honduras to begin to build up a geochemical database with which to integrate the marine and terrestrial records. The results of the study will provide important new information on the frequency of large-scale explosive eruptions in Central America during the Cenozoic, the production rate of silicic magma and aerosol-forming volatiles during major episodes of explosive volcanism and their potential impact on global climate, and the volcanological nature of individual source eruptions and their influence on tephra dispersal and deposition.
Sigurdsson9909769Ignimbrite耀斑是发生在汇聚边缘的爆炸性岩浆喷发。Ignimbrite事件对于理解大规模喷发火山作用对环境的影响、火山灾害的可能性以及俯冲带的地球化学循环具有重要意义。褐煤事件的记录作为火山灰在海洋沉积物中的落层保存得很好。最近在加勒比海钻探的ODP165航段发现了一个长达76英里的特殊层序,其中有2000多个火山灰落层。两次主要的火山爆发--一次发生在中新世中期,另一次发生在始新世中期--起源于中美洲火山弧,尼加拉瓜、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多和危地马拉的火山弧喷发了大量的硅质褐斑岩。这是一个为期两年的项目,以中美洲和加勒比地区的矿床为主要例子,解决火山爆发或燃煤爆发的性质。这项研究的主要目标是:1)利用高分辨率年代地层学评估爆炸事件的频率和性质;2)利用电子探针和ICPMS激光烧蚀分析玻璃和矿物,表征主要火山幕中具有代表性的特弗拉岩层的组成和挥发分含量;3)模拟火山灰层的迁移和沉积;4)收集和分析尼加拉瓜和洪都拉斯主要沸石矿床的样品,以便开始建立一个地球化学数据库,以便将海洋和陆地记录与之相结合。这项研究的结果将提供关于中美洲新生代大规模火山喷发的频率、主要火山爆发时期硅质岩浆和形成气溶胶的挥发物的产生率及其对全球气候的潜在影响、个别来源喷发的火山学性质及其对火山灰扩散和沉积的影响的重要新信息。

项目成果

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Haraldur Sigurdsson其他文献

Volume and extent of the Minoan tephra from Santorini Volcano: new evidence from deep-sea sediment cores
圣托里尼火山米诺斯火山灰的体积和范围:来自深海沉积岩芯的新证据
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    1978
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    64.8
  • 作者:
    N. Watkins;R. Sparks;Haraldur Sigurdsson;T. C. Huang;A. Federman;S. Carey;D. Ninkovich;D. Ninkovich
  • 通讯作者:
    D. Ninkovich
Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985: Tephra Fall and Lahars
1985 年 11 月 13 日,哥伦比亚内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发:火山灰瀑布和火山泥浆
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    1986
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    56.9
  • 作者:
    J. L. Naranjo;Haraldur Sigurdsson;S. Carey;William J. Fritz
  • 通讯作者:
    William J. Fritz
The eruption of Soufrière volcano, St Vincent April–June 1979
1979 年 4 月至 6 月,圣文森特苏弗里耶尔火山喷发
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    1979
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    64.8
  • 作者:
    John B. Shepherd;Willy P Aspinall;K. Rowley;J. Pereira;Haraldur Sigurdsson;R. Fiske;J. Tomblin
  • 通讯作者:
    J. Tomblin
Experimental constraints on pre-eruptive water contents and changing magma storage prior to explosive eruptions of Mount St Helens volcano
圣海伦斯火山爆发前对喷发前含水量和岩浆储存变化的实验限制
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf00298703
  • 发表时间:
    1995
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.5
  • 作者:
    J. Gardner;M. Rutherford;S. Carey;Haraldur Sigurdsson
  • 通讯作者:
    Haraldur Sigurdsson
Easter microplate evolution
复活节微孔板的演变
  • DOI:
    10.1038/317325a0
  • 发表时间:
    1985
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    64.8
  • 作者:
    J. Schilling;Haraldur Sigurdsson;A. N. Davis;Richard Hey
  • 通讯作者:
    Richard Hey

Haraldur Sigurdsson的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Haraldur Sigurdsson', 18)}}的其他基金

Exploration of the Submarine Deposits and Morphology of Santorini Volcano, Greece
希腊圣托里尼火山海底矿床及形态勘探
  • 批准号:
    0452478
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Bolide Impact on Evaporite Terrane: Sulfur Gas Emission, Aerosol Formation, and Ejecta Dispersal
火流星对蒸发岩地体的影响:硫磺排放、气溶胶形成和喷射物扩散
  • 批准号:
    9219121
  • 财政年份:
    1993
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Subaqueous Pyroclastic Flows from Krakatau and Tambora Volcanoes, Indonesia
印度尼西亚喀拉喀托火山和坦博拉火山的水下火山碎屑流
  • 批准号:
    9102229
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Influence of Magma Properties on the Dynamics of Explosive Eruptions
岩浆性质对爆炸性喷发动力学的影响
  • 批准号:
    9104791
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Subaqueous Pyroclastic Deposits from Tambora and Krakatau Volcanoes, Indonesia
印度尼西亚坦博拉火山和喀拉喀托火山的水下火山碎屑矿床
  • 批准号:
    8911228
  • 财政年份:
    1989
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Influence of Magma Properties on the Dynamics of Explosive Eruptions
岩浆性质对爆炸性喷发动力学的影响
  • 批准号:
    8719894
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Acquisition of a Particle Sensor and Counter
获取粒子传感器和计数器
  • 批准号:
    8708519
  • 财政年份:
    1987
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Fallout of Particles from Explosive Eruption Columns and Other Convective Plumes
爆炸性喷发柱和其他对流羽流的粒子沉降物
  • 批准号:
    8607336
  • 财政年份:
    1986
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Petrologic Estimation of Volcanic Aerosols
火山气溶胶的岩石学估算
  • 批准号:
    8503104
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The Influence of Magma Properties on the Dynamics of Explosive Eruptions
岩浆性质对喷发动力学的影响
  • 批准号:
    8416782
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 16.79万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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    EP/Z000645/1
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    2024
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