Identification and Separation of Volcanic and Natural Climate Variability Signals

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We have published one paper in a reputed peer-reviewed scientific journal (i.e., Earth Systems and Environment), which is a review of past studies on the El Nino Southern Oscillation linkage to strong volcanic eruptions and post-volcanic winter warming. Moreover, Dr. Dogar attended American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2022 and presented two posters.Dr. Dogar has conducted ensemble numerical experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)'s coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model (GFDL-CM2.1) using Hokkaido University's high-performance supercomputing facility. Dr. Dogar has analyzed the output of the completed GFDL-CM2.1 model ensemble experiments along with the comparison/validation of model results with observational and reanalysis data.This work will provide a comprehensive description, understanding, and prediction of volcanic and natural variability signals, which is still lacking. In particular, it will help understand the circulation response to large tropical and high latitude eruptions, the importance played by the initial state of the ocean and the atmosphere at the time of the eruption, and provide key insights on the stability of the teleconnection in the climate system.