Dissertation: Early Socio-Economic and Organizational Developments in Highlands of Western Iran

论文：伊朗西部高地的早期社会经济和组织发展

• 批准号: 9910660
• 负责人: Henry Wright
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-12-15 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9910660&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Early; Socio; Economic; Organizational

Under the direction of Dr. Henry Wright, Mr. Kamyar Abdi will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological research in the Zagros Mountains region of Western Iran and combine geomorphological reconstruction and regional survey with excavation at selected sites. He will focus on the Neolithic and Chalcolithic (Copper Age) periods when plants and animals were first domesticated and the roots of civilization in the Near East were established. Prior work by Mr. Kamyar has indicated an abundance of sites attributable to both early settled and nomadic populations. Although it has been many years since archaeological research in this area has been possible, the region is importance because it has provided evidence for very early domestication and is seen as one of the hearths from which complex societies arose. Evidence indicates that both pastoralism, based on sheep and goat herding as well as settled village agricultural life developed at roughly the same time in the Zagros and prehistorians have speculated on the relationship between the two. Some have argued that these represent separate and competing ways of life and that the two groups were perpetually at odds competing for grazing and agricultural space. Others have postulated that the two types of subsistence are linked, that pastoralists were dependent on farmers for essential grain supplies and that animals grazed during winter months on remains in harvested fields. Likewise farmers obtained necessary protein through nomad supplied meat. Some researchers such as Mr. Abdi have also maintained that this very complexity and complementarity lead to the development of social complexity and to the mechanisms which regulated large scale social interaction. His research in the Zagros will evaluate this idea. Because climate and landform are not stable over time, a geomorphological survey will be conducted. Based on a time sensitive ceramic chronology already developed, Mr. Abdi and his colleagues will map and locate surface sites, both agricultural and pastoralist and determine their relative ages. Limited excavation at representatives of each type will provide information on the degree of social stratification as well as trade. Recovery of floral and faunal remains will permit dietary reconstruction. On this basis the interaction between groups and the degree of stratification within each can be determined.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide insight into the basic mechanisms which gave rise to complex society. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists and contribute to training a promising researcher.

在亨利·赖特博士的指导下，卡米亚尔·阿布迪先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将在伊朗西部的扎格罗斯山脉地区进行考古研究，并将地貌重建和区域调查与选定地点的挖掘相结合。他将把重点放在新石器时代和陶器时代(铜器时代)，那时动植物首次被驯化，近东文明的根源被确立。卡米亚尔先生先前的工作表明，有大量遗址属于早期定居人口和游牧民族。虽然在这一地区进行考古研究已经有很多年了，但该地区很重要，因为它提供了很早就被驯化的证据，并被视为复杂社会产生的火炉之一。证据表明，以绵羊和山羊放牧为基础的牧业和定居的村庄农业生活几乎在同一时间在扎格罗发展起来，史前学者对两者之间的关系进行了推测。一些人认为，这代表着不同的、相互竞争的生活方式，这两个群体一直在争夺牧场和农业空间。其他人则推测，这两种生计是相互关联的，牧民依赖农民提供基本的粮食供应，冬季的几个月里，牲畜在收获的田地里靠残骸放牧。同样，农民通过游牧民提供的肉类获得必要的蛋白质。Abdi先生等一些研究人员还认为，正是这种复杂性和互补性导致了社会复杂性的发展，并导致了管理大规模社会互动的机制。他对Zagros的研究将对这一想法进行评估。由于气候和地貌随时间不稳定，将进行地貌调查。基于已经开发的时间敏感的陶瓷年表，阿布迪和他的同事们将绘制和定位地表遗址，包括农业和牧民，并确定它们的相对年龄。对每种类型代表的有限挖掘将提供有关社会分层程度和贸易的信息。植物和动物遗骸的恢复将使饮食重建成为可能。在此基础上，可以确定群体之间的相互作用和每个群体内部的分层程度。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供对导致复杂社会的基本机制的洞察。它将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养有前途的研究人员。