Patenting and it's Impact on Innovation

专利申请及其对创新的影响

• 批准号: 9976384
• 负责人: Wesley Cohen
• 金额: $ 20.01万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-15 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9976384&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Patenting; Impact; Innovation

With support from the National Science Foundation's Innovation and Organizational Change Program, this research focuses on the impact of patents on the generation and use of innovation. It seeks to provide an empirical basis on which to address questions of patent policy. The project will study a series of related questions. First, what factors influence the patenting behavior of firms? Second, what is the effect of patenting on the incentives to conduct R&D at firm and industry levels? Patents not only confer protection, but through disclosure also make public information that, while diminishing protection, may contribute to the R&D of rivals. Finally, the work will consider how and why firms' intellectual property strategies have changed over the past two decades.The researchers will develop three models. A firm-level model will explore the impact of patenting strength on both R&D and patenting decisions. An industry-level simultaneous equation model will address the role of patents in affecting industry-level R&D spending and information flows. A firm-level model will address determinants of licensing. Interview-based field studies will provide robust qualitative testing of the quantitative models' results, as well as suggesting further insights. Quantitative models will make use of existing data sets, the Carnegie Mellon Survey on Industrial R&D, a "sister" survey of R&D in Japan conducted by the National Institute for Science and Technology Policy, and Securities Data Corporation's database of licensing agreements and other "knowledge transactions." The project is being conducted in close cooperation with the Science and Technology Policy Board of the National Research Council.Patenting, licensing and other agreements affecting the protection and sharing of intellectual property clearly relate to innovation activities broadly construed. The work promises a thoughtful empirical exploration of patents and their effects on how organizations address research and innovation, while offering informative comparisons between practices and impacts in the United States and Japan.

在国家科学基金创新与组织变革计划的支持下，本研究重点研究了专利对创新的产生和使用的影响。它试图为解决专利政策问题提供一个经验基础。该项目将研究一系列相关问题。首先，哪些因素影响企业的专利行为？第二，专利对在公司和行业层面进行研发的激励有什么影响？专利不仅提供了保护，而且通过披露还公开了一些信息，这些信息虽然减少了保护，但可能有助于竞争对手的研发。最后，这项工作将考虑企业的知识产权战略在过去二十年中如何以及为什么发生了变化。研究人员将开发三个模型。一个公司层面的模型将探索专利实力对研发和专利决策的影响。一个行业层面的联立方程模型将探讨专利在影响行业层面研发支出和信息流方面的作用。公司级别的模型将解决许可的决定因素。基于访谈的实地研究将为量化模型的结果提供强有力的定性测试，并提出进一步的见解。量化模型将利用现有的数据集、卡内基梅隆工业研发调查(Carnegie Mellon Survey on Industrial R&&D)、日本国家科学技术政策研究所(National Institute For Science And Technology Policy)对日本研发进行的“姊妹”调查，以及证券数据公司(Securities Data Corporation)关于许可协议和其他“知识交易”的数据库。该项目是与国家研究委员会科学和技术政策委员会密切合作进行的。专利、许可和其他影响知识产权保护和分享的协议显然与广义上的创新活动有关。这项工作承诺对专利及其对组织如何处理研究和创新的影响进行深思熟虑的实证探索，同时提供美国和日本的做法和影响之间的信息比较。