Petroleum Exploitation and Economic, Political, and Social Transformation in Delta Amacuro, Venezuela

面对严重的经济危机，委内瑞拉最近扭转了石油工业的国有化，向BP-Amoco和其他跨国公司提供了阿马库罗三角洲州的租赁权。随着资本和技术密集型设施在贫困社区中的建设，政府和非政府组织正在利用企业资金产生突然注入的资本，将医疗保健、学校和小型发展项目引入选定的地区。需要为一项为期两年的调查提供资金，这项调查将产生系统的定量和定性数据，说明石油投资和相关变化如何影响该地区个人构建社会身份的方式。开放式访谈和焦点小组将探讨种族，阶级，地方（包括地方，区域，国家和跨国空间的概念）和公民身份的概念，人们在描述自己和他们的生活经历以及这些因素中的每一个的相对重要性。调查将具体侧重于后一个问题，即给予每一个因素的不同权重。PI和一名顾问将在三个被归类为“土著”的三角洲社区工作，而来自加拉加斯委内瑞拉中央大学的两名本科生将在两个被归类为主要是“非土著”的城镇进行实地考察。“选定的地点包括目前正在进行石油开采的地区，仅进行了勘探的地区，以及没有明显石油活动的地区。一名在人类学学院任教的UCV教员目前是UCSD民族研究博士课程的学生，他将采访石油公司代表和在三角洲工作的非政府组织和类似组织的官员。 她将调查他们如何看待和试图塑造居民的态度和行动，除了记录他们在三角洲活动的性质和程度。

Project Summary RevisedIn the face of an acute economic crisis, Venezuela recently reversed its nationalization of the oil industry and offered leases in Delta Amacuro State to BP-Amoco and other transnational corporations. As capital- and technology-intensive facilities are constructed in the midst of impoverished communities, the government and NGO's are using corporate funding in producing sudden infusions of capital, bringing health care, schools, and small development projects into selected areas. Funding is requested for a two-year investigation that will produce systematic quantitative and qualitative data on the way that petroleum investment and associated changes affect the way that individuals in this region construct social identities. Open-ended interviews and focus groups will explore the concepts of race, class, place (including notions of local, regional, national, and transnational spaces), and citizenship that people use in characterizing themselves and their life experiences and the relative importance of each of these factors. The survey will focus specifically on the latter question, the differential weight that is accorded to each of these factors. The PI and a consultant will work in three delta communities that are classified as "indigenous," while two undergraduates from the Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) in Caracas will conduct fieldwork in two towns that are classified as being primarily "non-indigenous." The sites have been selected to include areas in which oil exploitation is currently taking place, in which exploration alone has taken place, and where no oil activity is evident. A UCV faculty member who teaches in the School of Anthropology and is currently a student in the Ethnic Studies doctoral program at UCSD will interview oil company representatives and officials in NGOs and similar organizations working in the delta. She will investigate how they view and are attempting to shape the attitudes and actions of residents in addition to documenting the nature and extent of their activities in the delta.