COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: An Experiment in Evolution: Rapid Evolution in Drosophila subobscura

合作研究：进化实验：果蝇亚暗色的快速进化

• 批准号: 9981598
• 负责人: Raymond Huey
• 金额: $ 26万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9981598&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Experiment; Evolution; Rapid

9981598HueyThree fundamental questions for evolutionary biologists are: 1) How rapidly does evolution occur? 2) Is the pattern of change repeatable? 3) Are most changes historically contingent, or do the deterministic forces of natural selection dominate? The introduction of the European fruit fly, Drosophila subobscura, into North and South America in the late 1970's provides a unique opportunity to address these questions. Many traits, including genetic markers and body size, vary systematically with latitude among the ancestral European populations. Previous studies show that the North American flies have evolved similar latitudinal patterns in less than 20 years. The studies funded by this award will investigate the South American populations and provide further information on the North American and European populations. This is a unique opportunity to observe evolutionary change as it occurs over a broad geographic range. Species introductions are currently reshaping much of Earth's biological diversity. Many studies assess the impact of introduced species on native populations. Evolutionary changes in the introduced species, however, have generally been neglected even though such changes ultimately determine the ecological impact of the invasion. Furthermore, these natural experiments demonstrate the evolutionary and ecological response of populations to novel habitats, which will help predict the impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of agricultural pests and insect-borne diseases.

对于进化生物学家来说，三个基本问题是：1)进化发生得有多快？2)变化的模式是可重复的吗？3)大多数变化是历史偶然的，还是自然选择的确定性力量主导？20世纪70年代末，欧洲果蝇引入北美和南美洲，S为解决这些问题提供了一个独特的机会。许多特征，包括遗传标记和体型，在欧洲祖先群体中随着纬度的不同而有系统地变化。之前的研究表明，北美苍蝇在不到20年的时间里进化出了类似的纬度模式。该奖项资助的研究将调查南美人口，并提供有关北美和欧洲人口的进一步信息。这是一个观察进化变化的独特机会，因为它发生在广泛的地理范围内。物种引进目前正在重塑地球的大部分生物多样性。许多研究评估了引进物种对本地种群的影响。然而，引进物种的进化变化通常被忽视，尽管这种变化最终决定了入侵的生态影响。此外，这些自然实验证明了种群对新生境的进化和生态反应，这将有助于预测气候变化对农业害虫和虫媒疾病的分布和丰度的影响。