Experimental Tests of Developmental and Cross-Generational Effects of Temperature

温度的发育和跨代影响的实验测试

• 批准号: 9514205
• 负责人: Raymond Huey
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9514205&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Tests; Developmental; Cross; Generational

9514205 Huey Conditions experienced by a developing insect often influence its size and performance as an adult. For example, food levels and crowding have profound effects on size and reproduction of adult insects. Consequently, a consideration of the importance of these "developmental effects" is crucial to understanding the ecology of insects in nature. Moreover, knowledge of these developmental effects can be used effectively in designing protocols for optimal mass-rearing of insects, as is often done in biocontrol programs. This project will explore the effect of developmental temperature on adult fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). The temperature experienced during development (larval and pupal stages) is known to influence many aspects of an adult insect's biology, but the actual impact may depend as well on the temperatures experienced as an adult. This project uses a complex experimental design that independently manipulates temperatures of both developing and adult flies, and then tests several competing hypotheses. An adult insect is influenced not only by temperatures experienced during its own development, but sometimes also by temperatures experienced by its parents. This project will similarly determine the significance of such "cross-generational" effects on offspring. The results of this project will elucidate a basic issue in entomology - namely, to what extent is the performance of an insect sensitive to conditions experienced by itself at earlier developmental stages and by its parents. Moreover, information derived from this study will indicate whether quality control programs used in mass-rearing of insects should incorporate temperature as a dynamic variable for study.

9514205 Huey 发育中的昆虫所经历的条件通常会影响其成年后的体型和性能。 例如，食物水平和拥挤程度对成年昆虫的大小和繁殖有深远的影响。 因此，考虑这些“发育效应”的重要性对于理解自然界昆虫的生态至关重要。 此外，这些发育影响的知识可以有效地用于设计昆虫最佳大规模饲养的方案，就像生物防治计划中经常做的那样。 该项目将探讨发育温度对成年果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的影响。 众所周知，发育过程（幼虫和蛹阶段）经历的温度会影响成年昆虫生物学的许多方面，但实际影响可能还取决于成年昆虫经历的温度。 该项目采用复杂的实验设计，独立控制发育中和成年果蝇的温度，然后测试几个相互竞争的假设。 成年昆虫不仅受到其自身发育过程中经历的温度的影响，有时还受到其父母经历的温度的影响。 该项目将同样确定这种“跨代”效应对后代的重要性。 该项目的结果将阐明昆虫学的一个基本问题，即昆虫在早期发育阶段对其自身及其父母所经历的条件的敏感程度如何。 此外，从这项研究中获得的信息将表明昆虫大规模饲养中使用的质量控制计划是否应将温度作为研究的动态变量。