An Experiment in Evolution: Rapid Life History Evolution in Drosophila Subobscura

进化实验：果蝇 Subobscura 的快速生命史进化

• 批准号: 9629822
• 负责人: Raymond Huey
• 金额: $ 18.5万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-10-15 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9629822&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experiment; Evolution; Rapid; Life; History

9629822 Raymond B. Huey and George W. Gilchrist Human activities have led to an alarming increase in the number of species introduced into new areas. Evolutionary changes in introduced species have received little attention, although such changes may influence the persistence and impact of introduced species. The fly Drosophila subobscura provides an opportunity for studying evolutionary rates in response to new environments. This species is broadly distributed in Europe. In the late 70's it was accidentally introduced into both North and South America. It rapidly colonized broad geographic areas with very different climates, and is now the most common Drosophila in some areas. This project will investigate how temperature, a key climate factor, influences the fitness of flies from climatically distinct populations in Europe, the evolutionary "baseline", and from similar ones in North America. The amount of differentiation among the North American populations, relative to the European ones, will indicate whether introduced insects may be able to evolve rapidly in nature. This project is important for understanding what limits the distribution, spread, and persistence of introduced pests, as well as understanding the effects of introduced species on native species and ecosystems.

[9629822]雷蒙德B.休伊乔治W.吉尔克里斯特人类活动已导致引入新地区的物种数量惊人地增加。引进物种的进化变化很少受到关注，尽管这些变化可能会影响引进物种的持久性和影响。果蝇亚bobscura为研究适应新环境的进化速率提供了一个机会。本种广泛分布于欧洲。在70年代末，它被意外地引入北美和南美。它迅速占领了气候非常不同的广阔地理区域，现在是某些地区最常见的果蝇。这个项目将调查温度这个关键的气候因素如何影响来自欧洲气候不同种群（进化“基线”）和北美相似种群的苍蝇的适应性。北美种群相对于欧洲种群的分化程度，将表明引进的昆虫是否能够在自然界中迅速进化。该项目对于了解是什么限制了引进害虫的分布、传播和持续存在，以及了解引进物种对本地物种和生态系统的影响具有重要意义。