CAREER: Membrane Processes for DBP Precursor Control: Effects of Colloid Stability and Membrane Surface Chemistry on Flux and Rejection

职业：用于 DBP 前体控制的膜工艺：胶体稳定性和膜表面化学对通量和排斥的影响

• 批准号: 9984709
• 负责人: James Kilduff
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9984709&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Membrane; Processes; DBP; Precursor

9984709 Kilduff The use of synthetic polymer membranes in water treatment is increasing worldwide, especially for the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors and of pathogenic organisms and viruses. The microporous materials are vulnerable to fouling by organic macromolecules and other colloids and this fouling often contols the efficiency, reliability and costs of membrane processes in municipal and industrial applications. The goals of this research are to: (1) understand the interactions between organic macromolecules and other natural organic and inorganic colloids in membrane filtration systems and how colloid stability influences the performance of membrane processes and (2) understand how membrane flux and rejection are related to membrane surface chemistry and identify the efficacy of UV photomodification to produce filtration membranes more resistant to fouling. Fractionation and characterization will be required to identify the composition and reactivity of components of heterogeneous environmental colloid mixtures. Separation of mixtures will be done on the basis of size, using filtration, and chemical functionality, using adsorption chromatography and solvent precipitation. The effects of individual organic matter isolates and of colloid mixtures on membrane performance (fouling, rejection and cleaning) will be evaluated. Mixtures will include organic matter fractions and sub-micron inorganic colloids (clays, silica and iron oxides). Fouling will be related to colloid stability and fouling layer morphology using atomic force and confocal microscopy. Strategies to mitigate fouling effects will focus on tailoring surface chemistry to reduce the binding of organic molecules and colloids. The surfaces of polymeric membranes will be modified (made more hydrophilic) by UV radiation followed by monomer grafting and subsequent polymerization. Effects of monomer type, reaction time and UV radiation intensity will be evaluated. As-received and fouled membranes will be characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy, contact angle, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and fouling potential in bench-scale test cells.The education plan centers around the development of a new Membrane Processes course from which students will learn not only process fundamentals but also how fouling can cause treatment systems to exhibit time-dependent performance, and how to incorporate accurate parameter estimation into the design process to improve process reliability. ***

9984709基尔达夫合成聚合物膜在水处理中的使用在全世界范围内都在增加，特别是用于去除消毒副产物(DBP)前体以及病原体和病毒。微孔材料容易受到有机大分子和其他胶体的污染，在市政和工业应用中，这种污染往往制约着膜过程的效率、可靠性和成本。本研究的目标是：(1)了解有机大分子与其他天然有机和无机胶体在膜过滤系统中的相互作用，以及胶体稳定性如何影响膜过程的性能；(2)了解膜通量和截留率与膜表面化学的关系，并确定紫外光修饰生产更耐污染的滤膜的有效性。需要进行分级和表征，以确定非均质环境胶体混合物的组成和反应性。混合物的分离将根据大小、使用过滤和化学功能、使用吸附层析和溶剂沉淀来完成。将评估单独的有机物分离和胶体混合物对膜性能(污染、排斥和清洗)的影响。混合物将包括有机物质部分和亚微米无机胶体(粘土、二氧化硅和氧化铁)。用原子力和共聚焦显微镜研究污垢将与胶体稳定性和污垢层形态有关。减轻污垢影响的策略将侧重于定制表面化学，以减少有机分子和胶体的结合。聚合物膜的表面将通过紫外线辐射进行改性(使其更亲水)，然后是单体接枝和随后的聚合。将评估单体类型、反应时间和紫外线辐射强度的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱、接触角、衰减全反射红外光谱、原子力显微镜和小试电池中的污染势对膜进行表征。教育计划围绕开发一门新的膜工艺课程展开，学生将从中不仅学习工艺基础，而且学习污染如何导致处理系统表现出与时间相关的性能，以及如何将准确的参数估计融入设计过程中以提高工艺可靠性。***