Doctoral Dissertation Research: Linking the Green and White Revolutions Through Gender-Related Analyses of Dairy Development in Western India

印度的白色革命，即在妇女合作社的大力参与下发展基层奶制品业，被认为是为农村穷人提供收入和就业的成功努力，这是值得庆祝的。 然而，印度西部古吉拉特邦凯达地区乳制品业的成功并没有在其他地方轻易复制。 例如，在附近的中央邦的Khargone区，尽管得到了世界银行和欧洲经济共同体的支持，但日记业的成功率相对较低。 哈尔戈内乳品业发展的失败尤其令规划者感到不安，因为赫达和哈尔戈内在绿色革命方面有着非常相似的经历，通过杂交种子、化肥、大规模灌溉技术以及收割和耕作机械化，农业生产力显著提高。 本博士论文研究项目探讨了这一假设，即凯达区以外的乳品业的成功是最好的解释与绿色革命发展的不同历史，尽管有明显的相似之处，性别平等的差异。 博士生将使用民族志和时间地理技术对这两个地区的性别平等和最近的农业历史进行比较分析。 民族志研究将使用参与者观察和口述历史技术，重点关注自1970年以来的性别平等和个人传记形成。 时间-地理研究将审查农业生产的空间和时间组织，以揭示两个地区妇女工作组织的差异。 这项研究的重要性在于，它深入分析了为什么在一个地方取得成功的政策在转移到一个在所有重要方面与成功地区惊人相似的地区时会失败，这是发展研究中的一个核心问题。 最近关于性别与发展问题的研究发现，男女在工作量和项目组织方面存在重大差异，无论是质量还是数量上的差异。 这项研究将有助于这两个研究领域，寻找项目成功与性别工作量之间的联系，并开发新的概念和方法工具，以帮助规划人员了解发展倡议成功和失败的根本原因。 这项研究应使项目规划者和管理者能够更成功地实施奶制品项目，帮助需要补充牛奶的农村穷人和城市儿童。 作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。

India's white revolution, the development of a grassroots dairy industry with strong participation by women's cooperatives, has been justifiably celebrated as a successful effort to provide income and employment to the rural poor. The success of dairying in the Kheda district of Gujarat state in western India has not been readily replicated elsewhere, however. In the nearby Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, for example, diarying has met with relatively little success despite support from the World Bank and the European Economic Community. The failure of dairy development in Khargone was especially troubling to planners because both Kheda and Khargone had very similar experiences with the Green Revolution, registering marked increases in agricultural productivity through hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizers, large-scale irrigation technologies, and mechanization of harvesting and plowing. This doctoral dissertation research project examines the hypothesis that dairy success outside of Kheda district is best explained by differences in gender equality linked to divergent histories of Green Revolution development despite apparent similarities. The doctoral candidate will use ethnographic and time-geographic techniques to conduct a comparative analysis of gender equality and recent agrarian histories in the two districts. Ethnographic studies will use participant observation and oral history techniques to focus on gender equality and personal biography formation since the 1970. Time-geographic studies will examine the spatial and temporal organization of agricultural production to uncover differences in the organization of women's work between the two districts. This study is significant in that it undertakes an in-depth analysis of why policies that are successful in one place fail when transferred to an area that appears strikingly similar to the successful area in all important respects, a problematic of central concern in development studies. Recent research on issues of gender and development has uncovered important differences in work loads and project organization between women and men, differences that are qualitative as well as quantitative. This study will contribute to both research areas by looking for connections between project success and gender work loads and by developing new conceptual and methodological tools to aid planners in understanding the root causes of success and failure in development initiatives. The research should enable to project planners and managers to more successfully implement of dairy projects that help both the rural poor and urban children in need of milk supplements. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.