Paleontology and Geology of Newly Discovered Oligocene Faunas and Floras in Western Ethiopia
埃塞俄比亚西部新发现的渐新世动植物群的古生物学和地质学
基本信息
- 批准号:0001259
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 28.5万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2001
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2001-02-15 至 2005-01-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
ABSTRACTPaleontology and Geology of Newly Discovered Oligocene Faunas and Floras in Western EthiopiaJohn Kappelman: EAR-0001259 One of the still unanswered questions about African faunal evolution concerns the tempo and mode of the transition from the more archaic terrestrial vertebrate faunas that date to older than 33 million years in age, to the more modernized faunas that first occur about 23 million years ago. The transition between the two faunas is dramatic and includes numerous extinctions, reductions in diversity of once dominant groups, and suspected immigrations of new groups from Asia and Europe that subsequently evolved to become the dominant groups on the continent. The ten million year long period of time that separates these two faunas was until recently unsampled by any significant fossil vertebrate localities located anywhere on the African or Arabian continents. During the winter of 1997-1998 reconnaissance surveys in Western Ethiopia located a series of fossiliferous sediments on the western Ethiopian Plateau. These sediments preserve abundant and diverse plant fossils (pollen, leaves, seeds, nuts, pods, and tree branches, stumps, and trunks), vertebrate fossils, and trace fossils. Preliminary radiometric dating places the fossils at about 27 million years in age. Together this evidence shows that the Chilga late Oligocene faunas and floras are the first significant fossils of this age reported for the entire continent of Africa as well as the first sub-Sahara site located in the interior of the continent. Our study of the Chilga Oligocene faunas and floras will aim to characterize the communities that lived during this time period in order to understand the transition from archaic to modern faunas and floras. Work will include recovering fossils from the currently known localities, surveying for new localities, screen washing for small mammals, documenting the depositional setting of the lacustrine and fluvial beds, reconstructing the paleoenvironments, and carrying out a program of radioisotopic and paleomagnetic dating to establish firm chronostratigraphic control. The Chilga region provides the first real opportunity for studying one of the most dramatic faunal and floral transitions known for African. A better understanding of the nature of this transition should provide new information for understanding the complex interplay among extinctions, immigrations, and radiations that characterize later transitions in African faunas and floras.
在埃塞俄比亚西部新发现的渐新世动物群和植物群的古生物学和地质学John Kappelman:EAR-0001259关于非洲动物群演化的一个仍然悬而未决的问题是关于从更古老的陆生脊椎动物动物群向大约2,300万年前首次出现的更现代的动物群过渡的速度和方式。这两个动物群之间的转变是戏剧性的,包括许多物种灭绝,曾经占主导地位的群体的多样性减少,以及来自亚洲和欧洲的新群体疑似移民,这些群体后来演变为欧洲大陆的占主导地位的群体。直到最近,这两个动物群之间长达一千万年的时间还没有被非洲或阿拉伯大陆上任何重要的脊椎动物化石地点采集到。1997-1998年冬季,在埃塞俄比亚西部进行的侦察调查中,在埃塞俄比亚西部高原发现了一系列化石沉积物。这些沉积物保存了丰富多样的植物化石(花粉、树叶、种子、坚果、豆荚和树枝、树桩和树干)、脊椎动物化石和痕迹化石。初步的放射性年代测定显示,这些化石的年龄约为2700万年。这一证据表明,奇尔加晚渐新世动物群和植物群是整个非洲大陆报告的第一批重要化石,也是位于非洲大陆内陆的第一个撒哈拉以南遗址。我们对奇尔加-渐新世动物群和植物群的研究将旨在描述生活在这一时期的群落的特征,以便了解从古代到现代的动物群和植物群的转变。工作将包括从目前已知的地点恢复化石,调查新的地点,为小型哺乳动物清洗屏幕,记录湖泊和河流床的沉积环境,重建古环境,以及开展放射性同位素和古地磁测年计划,以建立强有力的年代地层控制。奇尔加地区为研究非洲已知的最戏剧性的动植物转变之一提供了第一个真正的机会。更好地理解这一转变的性质应该为理解灭绝、移民和辐射之间的复杂相互作用提供新的信息,这些相互作用是非洲动物群和植物群后来转变的特征。
项目成果
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John Kappelman其他文献
Another unique river: A consideration of some of the characteristics of the trunk tributaries of the Nile River in northwestern Ethiopia in relationship to their aquatic food resources
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.008 - 发表时间:
2014-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
John Kappelman;Dereje Tewabe;Lawrence Todd;Mulugeta Feseha;Marvin Kay;Gary Kocurek;Brett Nachman;Neil Tabor;Meklit Yadeta - 通讯作者:
Meklit Yadeta
They might be giants
他们可能是巨人
- DOI:
10.1038/387126a0 - 发表时间:
1997-05-08 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:48.500
- 作者:
John Kappelman - 通讯作者:
John Kappelman
John Kappelman的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('John Kappelman', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Relationship between Diet Variability and Population Spread
博士论文改进奖:饮食变化与人口分布之间的关系
- 批准号:
1724512 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Constraining the temporal evolution of mantle plume contributions to magmatism in the Turkana Depression
合作研究:限制图尔卡纳凹陷地幔柱对岩浆作用的时间演化
- 批准号:
1551920 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
REU Site: Investigating the Behaviors of Middle Stone Age Humans in the Horn of Africa
REU 网站:调查非洲之角中石器时代人类的行为
- 批准号:
1460986 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Non-peridotite Melting in Plume-influenced Extensional Environments: Lithological Heterogeneity of the African Superplume and African Lithosphere
合作研究:受地幔柱影响的伸展环境中的非橄榄岩熔融:非洲超地幔柱和非洲岩石圈的岩性非均质性
- 批准号:
1219459 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Survey of Hominin-Bearing Sediments in Western Turkey
土耳其西部含有古人类的沉积物调查
- 批准号:
0946614 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
An Online Course in Human Skeletal Biology
人类骨骼生物学在线课程
- 批准号:
0837774 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Blue Highways: Evaluating Middle Stone Age Riverine-Based Foraging, Mobility, and Technology along the Trunk Tributaries of the Blue Nile
蓝色高速公路:评估青尼罗河干流支流沿线的中石器时代河流觅食、流动和技术
- 批准号:
0921009 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
www.eSkeletons.org: An Interactive Digital Library of Human and Primate Anatomy
www.eSkeletons.org:人类和灵长类解剖学交互式数字图书馆
- 批准号:
0226040 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Causes of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Primates
博士论文改进:灵长类动物性别体型二态性的原因
- 批准号:
0137344 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Comparative Paleoecology of Late Miocene Eurasian Hominoidea Based on Bovid and Equid Metapodial Functional Morphology
论文研究:基于牛科动物和马科动物后足功能形态学的晚中新世欧亚人科动物的比较古生态学
- 批准号:
0112659 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 28.5万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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Conference: 7th Biennial Structural Geology and Tectonics Forum at WWU
会议:WWU 第七届双年度构造地质学和构造论坛
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