Dissertation: The Late Mesolithic Puzzle: Population Decline or Settlement Reconfiguraion?

论文：中石器时代晚期的谜题：人口下降还是定居点重新配置？

• 批准号: 0002858
• 负责人: Michael Jochim
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2002-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0002858&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Late; Mesolithic; Puzzle; Population

Under the direction of Dr. Michael Jochim, MS Susan Harris will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. The goal of her research is to understand changes in population size during the Mesolithic period in Southwestern Germany. Approximately 10,500 years ago, after the northward retreat of the ice sheets Stone Age foragers across most of Europe developed new types of "microlithic" stone tools and shifted their focus from hunting large animals (which decreased in number as tundra/grassland gave way to boreal forests) to smaller species. Archaeologists believe that the specialized adaptations which developed culminated in the Neolithic Revolution in which plants and animals were first domesticated. During the Mesolithic population apparently increased and this put stress on available food sources thus setting the stage for agricultural innovation. Within this broad context Southwestern Germany stands as an anomaly because apparently some areas were abandoned and others evidence decreased population during Late Mesolithic times. MS Harris wishes to determine whether this pattern is, in fact, real. Because most researchers in this region have focused on well excavated assemblages and ignored more abundant surface sites, MS Harris will analyze this under-utilized data class. She notes that relatively little attention has been paid to these materials because of the difficulties in assigning them to time period. The microlithic tool types which characterize the Late Mesolithic normally form only a small percentage of assemblages and thus, she believes, relevant surface sites may go unrecognized. In preliminary work she has studied well dated materials from securely stratified sites and believes that the Early and Late Mesolithic can be distinguished not only by typology but also be the technology used to manufacture tools. These technological criteria can be applied to sites lacking in diagnostic tool types. With National Science Foundation support she will further refine this analytic approach. She will then conduct a survey to complement prior work in the region and classify sites collected by herself as well as others to assign them to time period. With these data she will then plot site distributions by age and microhabitat to determine density and trace changes over time.The Mesolithic sets the stage for the Neolithic Revolution and the rise of complex society. For this reason it is an important area for scientific research and MS Harris work will not only shed light on one anomalous geographic region but also, hopefully, provide an analytic approach of more general use. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

在Michael Jochim博士的指导下，Susan Harris女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她的研究目标是了解德国西南部中石器时代人口规模的变化。大约10，500年前，在冰盖向北退缩之后，欧洲大部分地区的石器时代觅食者开发了新型的“细石器”石器工具，并将他们的重点从狩猎大型动物（随着苔原/草原让位于北方森林，其数量减少）转移到较小的物种。考古学家认为，这种特殊的适应性发展在新石器时代革命中达到顶峰，植物和动物首次被驯化。在中石器时代，人口明显增加，这对可用的食物来源造成了压力，从而为农业创新奠定了基础。在这个广泛的背景下，德国西南部是一个异常，因为显然有些地区被遗弃，其他证据表明在中石器时代晚期人口减少。哈里斯女士希望确定这种模式是否是真实的。由于该地区的大多数研究人员都专注于挖掘的组合，而忽略了更丰富的地表遗址，因此MS Harris将分析这一未充分利用的数据类。她指出，由于很难将这些材料归入时间段，因此对它们的关注相对较少。中石器时代晚期特有的细石器工具类型通常只占组合的一小部分，因此，她认为，相关的地表遗址可能无法识别。在前期工作中，她研究了来自安全分层遗址的年代久远的材料，并认为中石器时代早期和晚期不仅可以通过类型学来区分，而且可以通过用于制造工具的技术来区分。这些技术标准可适用于缺乏诊断工具类型的现场。在国家科学基金会的支持下，她将进一步完善这种分析方法。然后，她将进行一项调查，以补充该地区先前的工作，并对她和其他人收集的地点进行分类，将其分配到时间段。有了这些数据，她将根据年龄和微生境绘制遗址分布图，以确定密度和随时间的变化。中石器时代为新石器时代革命和复杂社会的兴起奠定了基础。出于这个原因，它是科学研究的一个重要领域，哈里斯女士的工作不仅将揭示一个异常的地理区域，而且希望提供一种更普遍使用的分析方法。它还将协助培养一名有前途的青年科学家。