The German Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition

德国中石器时代/新石器时代过渡

• 批准号: 9105463
• 负责人: Michael Jochim
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-07-01 至 1992-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9105463&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: German; Mesolithic; Neolithic; Transition

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Michael Jochim will conduct archaeological excavations at the site of Henauhof Northwest 2 (HNW-2) located in south-central Germany. Preliminary work by Dr. Jochim indicates that the site was occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers approximately 6500 years ago. It lies on the shoreline of a former lake and is rich in both lithic and faunal remains. During one season of fieldwork Dr. Jochim and his colleagues will excavate an area of 80-100 square meters. All finds will be measured in three dimensions and all sediments screened. In addition, soil samples will be studied to recover small lithic debitage and faunal remains. Soil samples will be taken for palynological and botanical analysis and charcoal samples collected for radiocarbon dating. Botanical floral and lithic analysis will be conducted. The period around 6500 years ago marks a time of marked change in this region. The local Mesolithic inhabitants, who for thousands of years hunted and gathered, were exposed to intrusive "Linear Band Ceramic" (LBK) cultures which were intrusive to the region and which followed a Neolithic way of life. The LBK peoples planted crops, kept domestic animals and used ceramic vessels. Because archaeologists are interested in questions of culture change and contact, the interaction between Mesolithic foragers and LBK immigrants is a subject of great interest. Several models, ranging from avoidance to open warfare to cooperation have been proposed yet data is not available to select among them. Because the HNW-2 contains rich well stratified remains from the appropriate time period, it has the potential to shed light on this issue. The small scale work proposed for this one season project should establish a basis for a larger project. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to a large number of Europeanist archaeologists. It will, hopefully, provide new insight into how cultures interact and change Finally it will aid in the training of students.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，Michael Jochim博士将在位于德国中南部的Henauhof Northwest 2(HNW-2)遗址进行考古发掘。约希姆博士的初步工作表明，该遗址大约在6500年前被中石器时代的狩猎-采集者占据。它位于一个昔日湖泊的海岸线上，富含岩屑和动物群遗迹。在一季的田野工作中，乔希姆博士和他的同事们将挖掘出80-100平方米的面积。将对所有发现进行三维测量，并对所有沉积物进行筛查。此外，还将对土壤样本进行研究，以恢复小的岩屑沉积和动物遗骸。将采集土壤样本进行孢粉和植物学分析，并收集木炭样本进行放射性碳测年。将进行植物学、花卉和石材分析。大约6500年前的时期标志着这一地区发生显著变化的时期。当地的中石器时代的居民，几千年来一直在狩猎和采集，接触到侵入性的“线性带状陶瓷”(LBK)文化，这种文化侵入了该地区，并遵循新石器时代的生活方式。LBK人种植庄稼，饲养家畜，使用陶瓷器皿。由于考古学家对文化变迁和接触的问题感兴趣，中石器时代觅食者和LBK移民之间的互动是一个非常感兴趣的主题。已经提出了从回避到公开战争再到合作的几种模式，但没有数据可供选择。由于HNW-2包含了来自适当时间段的丰富的分层良好的遗骸，它有可能揭示这一问题。为这一季项目提出的小规模工作应该为更大的项目奠定基础。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供大量欧洲考古学家感兴趣的数据。希望它将为文化如何互动和变化提供新的见解，最终将有助于学生的培训。