Collaborative Research: Experimental Investigation of X-band Polarimetric-Radar Rainfall Estimation

0003054 Anagnostou山洪和城市水文预报系统需要精确的定量测量降水在时间尺度上的分钟和空间尺度上的一平方公里的顺序。 我们建议探索X波段极化分集雷达提供这种高分辨率降雨产品的潜力。 偏振雷达测量增加了关于降雨系统的信息，对降雨率变化具有更好的敏感性。 然而，使用高频雷达的一个主要缺点是，在高降雨强度下，波束功率衰减和后向散射相移都可能很大，从而对降雨产品的准确性产生负面影响。 拟议的研究的目标是开发一种方法，这将联合收割机的优势，X波段雷达系统的极化分集技术。 我们的目的是证明，这样的方法可以导致可靠的定量降雨量估计在时空尺度上适合小规模水文预测。 我们的调查将促进通过两个现场实验，以获得高分辨率的极化雷达数据，以及仪器化的网站。第一个实验将在爱荷华州东南部的爱荷华州水利研究所的水文气象监测设施进行。 这些设施包括一个二维视频雨量计、光学雨量计、一个移动的垂直指向多普勒雷达，以及一个非常密集的翻斗式雨量计网络。 我们将使用雅典国家天文台收集偏振雷达测量结果。(NOA)移动的双极化X波段雷达。 我们将利用这些数据制定降雨量估计计划。 我们将使用高分辨率雨量计集群数据评估该方案的估计的各种空间和时间尺度的聚合的误差结构。 第二个实验将在密西西比的古德温河流域进行。 一个高密度的雨量计和流量网络将与几个流量计相辅相成，NOA X-POL雷达将加入另一个X波段移动的雷达（多普勒车轮）由普林斯顿大学的研究人员操作。 这项研究的成功完成可能会提供一种新的遥感工具，如果证明可靠，将是一个有吸引力的和经济上负担得起的解决方案，监测偏远盆地和城市地区的NEXRAD雷达网络覆盖不足的问题。

0003054AnagnostouFlash-flood and urban hydrologic forecast systems required accurate quantitative measurements of precipitation at temporal scales of minutes and spatial scales on the order of one square kilometer. We propose to explore the potential of X-band polarization diversity radar to provide such high-resolution rainfall products. Polarimetric radar measurements add information about rainfall system and have better sensitivity to rainfall rate variability. However, a major drawback of using high frequency radar is that both beam power attenuation and backscattering phase shift can be significant at high rainfall intensities and thus negatively affect the accuracy of rainfall products. The goal of the proposed research is to develop a methodology, which would combine the advantages of X-band radar systems with those of polarization diversity techniques. We aim at demonstrating that such a methodology can lead to reliable quantitative rainfall estimates at spatio-temporal scales suitable for small-scale hydrologic predictions. Our investigation will be facilitated through two field experiments to obtain high-resolution polarimetric radar data at well-instrumented sites. The first experiment will take place in Southeast Iowa at the hydrometeorological monitoring facilities of the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research. These facilities include a two-dimensional video disdrometer, optical rain gauges, a mobile vertically pointing Doppler radar, and a very dense network of tipping bucket rain gauges. We will collect the polarimetric radar measurements using the National Observatory of Athens. (NOA) mobile dual-polarization X-band radar (X-POL). We will use the data in the development of a rainfall estimation scheme. We will assess the error structure of the scheme's estimates a various spatial and temporal scales of aggregation using high-resolution rain gauge cluster data. The second experiment will take place at Goodwin Creek basin in Mississippi. A high-density rain gauge and streamflow network there will be complemented with several disdrometers, and the NOA X-POL radar will join another X-band mobile radar (Doppler on Wheels) operated by researchers from Princeton University. Successful completion of this research may provide a new remote sensing tool that, if proven reliable, would be an attractive and economically affordable solution to the problem of monitoring remote basins and urban areas that are poorly covered by the NEXRAD radar network.