Collaborative Research: Spatial Averaging of Oceanic Rainfall Variability using Underwater Sound

合作研究：利用水下声音对海洋降雨变化进行空间平均

• 批准号: 0241552
• 负责人: Emmanouil Anagnostou
• 金额: $ 18.94万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0241552&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Spatial; Averaging; Oceanic

ABSTRACTPI/Institution: Nystuen / UW Proposal No: OCE-0241245PI/Institution: Anagnostou / UConn Proposal No: OCE-0241552PI/Institution: Amitai / UMBC Proposal No: OCE-0241186The inherent spatial and temporal variability of rainfall makes rain one of the most difficult geophysical quantities to measure anywhere, and yet it is one of the most important. Acoustic rain gauges (ARGs), which detect and measure rainfall rate by listening for the underwater sound signal generated by rain striking the ocean surface, can provide these data in oceanic regions. However, there are several features of the acoustic rainfall measurement that have not been fully explored. These include the inherent spatial averaging of the rainfall signal with depth of deployment, the ability to measure drop size distribution in the oceanic environment, and the high temporal resolution of the measurement. We propose to examine the inherent spatial averaging associated with ARGs by deploying several vertically separated ARGs on a mooring placed in deep water (2 km), but within range of a high-resolution X-band polarimetric (X-POL) coastal weather radar (less than 40 km). A dense (~20 gauges) rain gauge network will also be installed within a 40 km range of the radar to provide a comparison validation of the radar data. A two-dimensional video disdrometer will be installed at closer range (~5 km) to be used for polarimetric algorithm development and evaluation of the X-POL measurements. The X-POL rain estimates will be used to validate the acoustic measurement of drop size distribution and the subsequent classification of rainfall type. The spatial distribution of rainfall over the hydrophones will be used to predict the received acoustic signal as a function of depth. The proposed field experiment will permit for the first time a comprehensive investigation of underwater acoustic rainfall measurements with a high-resolution radar, thus allowing an examination of the deep-water (open sea and oceans) validation potential of acoustic measurements for remote sensing (radar and satellite) rainfall estimates. Validation of oceanic rainfall measurements is an important component of climate research and the predictability of climate change with its subsequent impact on human societies. This will be a collaborative effort between 3 universities and the National Observatory of Athens (Greece), thus building global science and engineering infrastructure. Human resource development will include student participation in both field measurements and associated research.

摘要PI/机构：Nystuen / UW 提案编号：OCE-0241245 PI/机构：Anagnostou / UConn 提案编号：OCE-0241552 PI/机构：Amitai / UMBC 提案编号：降雨的内在空间和时间变化性使降雨成为最难测量的地球物理量之一，但它也是最重要的量之一。声学雨量计（ARG）通过收听雨水撞击海洋表面产生的水声信号来检测和测量降雨率，可以提供海洋区域的这些数据。 然而，有几个功能的声学降雨测量尚未得到充分探讨。其中包括降雨信号随部署深度的固有空间平均、测量海洋环境中液滴尺寸分布的能力以及测量的高时间分辨率。 我们建议检查固有的空间平均与ARG部署几个垂直分离的ARG停泊在深水（2公里），但在高分辨率X波段偏振（X-POL）沿海天气雷达（小于40公里）的范围内。在雷达40公里范围内还将安装一个密集的（约20个雨量计）雨量计网络，以提供雷达数据的比较验证。 将在较近距离（~5公里）安装一个二维视频色散仪，用于制定偏振算法和评价X-POL测量。X-POL降雨估计将用于验证水滴大小分布的声学测量和随后的降雨类型分类。 水听器上降雨量的空间分布将用于预测接收到的声信号随深度的变化。 拟议的实地试验将首次允许用高分辨率雷达对水下声学降雨量测量进行全面调查，从而允许审查声学测量用于遥感（雷达和卫星）降雨量估计的深水（公海和大洋）验证潜力。验证海洋降雨测量结果是气候研究和预测气候变化及其随后对人类社会影响的一个重要组成部分。这将是三所大学和雅典国家天文台（希腊）之间的合作努力，从而建立全球科学和工程基础设施。人力资源开发将包括学生参与实地测量和相关研究。