Early Evolution of Ligaments and Shell Microstructure in the Bivalvia, with a Comprehensive, Polythetic, Phylogenetic Analysis

双壳纲韧带和贝壳微观结构的早期进化，以及全面的、综合的、系统发育分析

• 批准号: 0003431
• 负责人: Joseph Carter
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-01 至 2005-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0003431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Early; Evolution; Ligaments; Shell; Microstructure

ABSTRACTEarly Evolution of Ligaments and Shell Microstructure in the Bivalvia, with a Comprehensive, Polythetic, Phylogenetic AnalysisDr. Joseph G. Carter, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Although ligaments and shell microstructures are important sources of phylogenetic information for the Bivalvia, these features remain poorly known for most early and middle Paleozoic genera and species. The recent discovery of relict aragonitic ligaments and shell microstructures in Ordovician bivalves from Kentucky and in Silurian bivalves from Gotland suggests that these features may be traceable throughout the Phanerozoic. The funded research will develop an extensive database of Paleozoic bivalvian ligament and shell microstructure, focusing on selected Paleozoic faunas representing localities in the United States, Arctic Canada, Sweden, Sardinia, the Czech Republic, China, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. These data will then be combined with other paleontological data and limited inferences of soft anatomy to provide a series of taxonomically comprehensive, rigorously phylogenetic analyses of Paleozoic bivalves based on parsimony, likelihood, and distance methods, tested against stratigraphic data, traditional evolutionary systematics, and modern molecular phylogenies. The final phylogenetic synthesis will be used for a revised phylogenetic classification of Paleozoic bivalves. In addition to clarifying the early evolution of ligaments and shell microstructures, this research will help resolve many outstanding questions of bivalve evolution, and will provide a firm foundation for future phylogenetic analyses of post-Paleozoic bivalves.

双壳纲动物韧带和壳结构的早期演化及其综合系统发育分析。尽管韧带和壳的微观结构是双壳亚类系统发育信息的重要来源，但这些特征对大多数早、中古生代属和种的了解仍然很少。最近在肯塔基奥陶系双壳类和哥特兰志留系双壳类中发现的残余文石韧带和壳微结构表明，这些特征可以追溯到整个显生宙。受资助的研究将建立一个广泛的古生代双壳韧带和壳微观结构数据库，重点关注代表美国、加拿大北极、瑞典、撒丁岛、捷克共和国、中国、澳大利亚、新西兰和南极洲地区的古生代动物。然后，这些数据将与其他古生物学数据和有限的软解剖学推断相结合，提供一系列基于简约、似然和距离方法的古生代双壳类的分类全面、严格的系统发育分析，并与地层数据、传统进化系统学和现代分子系统发生学进行对比。最后的系统发育综合将用于修订古生代双壳类的系统发育分类。本研究不仅有助于澄清双壳类动物韧带和壳微结构的早期演化，还有助于解决双壳类动物演化中的许多悬而未决的问题，并为以后古生代双壳类动物系统发育分析提供坚实的基础。