U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science: Charged Species in Supercritical Fluids - How Clustering Affects Ionic Reactions

0003690霍罗伊德该奖项支持纽约布鲁克海文国家实验室的理查德·霍罗伊德博士和日本神奈川技术研究所的西川胜教授之间为期两年的合作研究项目。 研究人员将对超临界流体中的带电物质进行研究-聚集如何影响离子反应。 了解离子如何被超临界溶剂（如二氧化碳和乙烷）溶剂化在基础化学研究中非常重要。 自20世纪80年代以来，超临界流体溶剂分子在中性溶质分子周围的成簇现象已经被光谱学方法深入研究，现在几乎已经建立。 然而，在过去的十年中，围绕离子分子的聚集引起了人们的注意。 研究人员将把他们的测量和理论解释扩展到电荷转移反应。 他们将通过皮秒脉冲辐解后的电子附着产生阴离子溶剂分子，并试图用时间依赖性荧光和电导率测量来跟踪电子转移到溶质分子。 这种测量澄清了可压缩连续介质模型在超临界流体中的离子反应的适用性。 该项目汇集了两个具有互补专业知识和研究能力的实验室的努力。这项研究的结果可以形成的基础上，分析离子有机反应在超临界流体，这是现在广泛研究的技术，为下一个世纪。 这项研究通过博士后的参与推进国际人力资源。 通过交流思想和技术，该项目将扩大我们的基础知识，促进国际理解与合作。 研究人员计划在科学期刊上发表他们的研究结果，并在科学会议上报告研究结果。

0003690HolroydThis award supports a two-year collaborative research project between Dr. Richard Holroyd of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and Professor Masaru Nishikawa of the Kanagawa Institute of Technology in Japan. The researchers will undertake a study of charged species in supercritical fluids - how clustering affects ionic reactions. Achieving an understanding of how ions are solvated by supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide and ethane is important in fundamental chemical research. The clustering of supercritical fluid solvent molecules around a neutral solute molecule has been intensively investigated using spectroscopic methods since the 1980's and now almost established. However, the clustering around an ionic molecule has attracted attention in the last ten years. The researchers will extend their measurements and theoretical interpretation to charge transfer reactions. They will produce anionic solvent molecules by electron attachment after picosecond pulse radiolysis and try to follow the electron transfer to solute molecules with both time-dependent fluorescent and conductivity measurements. Such measurements clarify the applicability of the compressible continuum model to ionic reactions in supercritical fluids. The project brings together the efforts of two laboratories that have complementary expertise and research capabilities. Results of this research could form the basis for the analysis of ionic organic reactions in supercritical fluids, which are now extensively investigated as a technology for the next century. This research advances international human resources through the participation of a postdoc. Through the exchange of ideas and technology, this project will broaden our base of basic knowledge and promote international understanding and cooperation. The researchers plan to publish results of their research in scientific journals and report on the findings at scientific meetings.