Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics

核结构与核天体物理学

• 批准号: 0070911
• 负责人: Vladimir Zelevinsky
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-15 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0070911&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nuclear; Structure; Astrophysics

0070911Zelevinsky The most important problems for nuclear physics in the new century are related to the boundaries of the existence of nuclei, properties of very short-lived isotopes and the clarification of the path of the synthesis of chemical elements in stars in the process of the evolution of the Universe. Recent developments in accelerators and experimental technology now make it possible to produce thousands of new isotopes and study their physics. Along this road it will be possible to study what is the origin of the elements of the cosmos, what are the features of nuclear matter with unusual proton-neutron composition, what are sizes, shapes and excitation modes of exotic nuclei. The large discovery potential of nuclear physics in this vast terra incognita was already demonstrated by observation of nuclear halos, new types of radioactivity, superheavy elements and so on. Nuclear theory must meet a great challenge and find a consistent way of describing new phenomena and making reliable predictions for the future. The proposal is directed toward achieving that goal. We hope to address a few important issues such as the limits of nuclear stability, nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest, the description of loosely bound nuclear systems, new cluster effects, new modes of collective behavior, weak interactions in exotic systems,the coexistence of chaotic and regular dynamics far from the line of nuclear stability. As happened in the past, the new theoretical approaches and computational methods are expected to cross-fertilize other areas of physics - mainly astrophysics and physics of mesoscopic systems.

0070911 Zelevinsky新世纪核物理学最重要的问题是关于原子核存在的边界、极短寿命同位素的性质以及阐明宇宙演化过程中恒星中化学元素合成的路径。加速器和实验技术的最新发展现在使生产数千种新同位素并研究其物理特性成为可能。 沿着这条道路，将有可能研究宇宙元素的起源，具有不寻常质子-中子组成的核物质的特征，奇异核的大小，形状和激发模式。核物理学在这片未知领域的巨大发现潜力已经通过对核晕、新型放射性、超重元素等的观测得到了证明。核理论必须迎接巨大的挑战，找到一种描述新现象的一致方法，并对未来做出可靠的预测。 该提案旨在实现这一目标。我们希望解决一些重要的问题，如核稳定性的限制，天体物理学的兴趣，松散的核系统的描述，新的集群效应，新的集体行为模式，在异国情调的系统中的弱相互作用，远离核稳定线的混沌和规则动力学的共存。正如过去所发生的那样，新的理论方法和计算方法有望交叉施肥物理学的其他领域-主要是天体物理学和介观系统物理学。