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Dissertation Research: The Effect of Miniaturization on Skeletal Morphology in Frogs

论文研究：小型化对青蛙骨骼形态的影响

基本信息

批准号：
0073061
负责人：
David Cannatella
金额：
$ 1万
依托单位：
University of Texas at Austin
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-06-01 至 2002-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0073061&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Effect Miniaturization Skeletal

项目摘要

0073061Cannatella and Yeh Miniaturization is the evolution of unusually small body size within a lineage of animals. It has broad implications for features of ecology and physiology, as well as morphology. It has evolved in a taxonomically diverse array of animals, including all the major groups of vertebrates. Miniaturization offers unique opportunities for investigating the evolution of morphology. In miniaturization, there is an area of contact between morphological evolution and the patterns and mechanisms of development. This results from the observation that miniaturization is often achieved via a precocious truncation of development, resulting in paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenile features of an ancestral species in the adult of the descendant species. Because miniaturization has evolved numerous times in frogs, and has also reached impressive extremes in the group, with certain frog species included among the tiniest extant vertebrates, frogs make an ideal group in which to study the effects of miniaturization on morphological evolution. Graduate student Jennifer Yeh, under the direction of Dr. David Cannatella, is making a comparison of miniaturization across numerous lineages of frogs, in the context of their phylogenetic affinities. First, the skeletons of miniaturized species will be compared to those of closely related larger species in order to document general patterns of morphological change, both from standard measurements and from computer-assisted thin-plate spline analyses. Preliminary data suggest that miniaturized frogs occasionally lose bones which ossify late in development. In addition, analyses of skull shape indicate that many miniaturized species show specific differences compared to their largerrelatives, such as relatively larger braincases and sensory capsules. These patterns suggest that functional requirements constrain the response of morphology to size reduction. Second, the extent to which developmentaltruncation explains morphological patterns in miniaturized frogs will be investigated. Evolutionary patterns associated with miniaturization will be compared to the within-species morphological changes that characterize development and growth. Finally, variation in the degree to which morphology has responded to the evolution of small body size in different frog lineages will be assessed.

0073061小型化（英语：Cannatella and Yeh Miniaturization）是一个动物谱系中体型异常小的进化。它对生态学和生理学特征以及形态学具有广泛的影响。它已经在一系列分类学上多样化的动物中进化，包括所有主要的脊椎动物群。微型化为研究形态学的演变提供了独特的机会。在小型化中，形态进化与发展的模式和机制之间存在着联系。这是由于观察到小型化通常是通过过早的发育截断来实现的，导致幼态化，即在后代物种的成年中保留祖先物种的幼年特征。由于小型化在青蛙中已经进化了无数次，并且在群体中也达到了令人印象深刻的极端，某些青蛙物种包括在现存最小的脊椎动物中，青蛙是研究小型化对形态进化影响的理想群体。在大卫·坎纳特拉博士的指导下，研究生詹妮弗·叶正在比较众多青蛙谱系的小型化，并以它们的系统发育亲和力为背景。首先，微型物种的骨架将比较密切相关的大型物种，以文件的形态变化的一般模式，从标准测量和计算机辅助薄板样条分析。初步数据表明，小型青蛙偶尔会失去骨骼，这些骨骼在发育后期会骨化。此外，对头骨形状的分析表明，许多小型物种与其较大的亲戚相比表现出特定的差异，例如相对较大的脑腔和感觉囊。这些模式表明，功能的要求约束的响应形态尺寸减小。其次，将研究发育截断在多大程度上解释小型化青蛙的形态模式。与小型化相关的进化模式将与发育和生长特征的种内形态变化进行比较。最后，在何种程度上的变化，形态已响应不同的青蛙谱系的小身体尺寸的演变将进行评估。