Dissertation Research: Phylogenetic Systematics, Historical Biogeography, and the Evolution of Vocalizations in Nearctic Toads

论文研究：系统发育系统学、历史生物地理学和近北极蟾蜍发声的进化

• 批准号: 0508542
• 负责人: David Cannatella
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0508542&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Phylogenetic; Systematics; Historical

To the human ear, the calls of birds and frogs distinguish different species and can be used for species identification. To the bird or frog ear, these calls are important mating signals, and the signals and responses to them have major evolutionary ramifications. Frog calls, like the more familiar calls of songbirds, function to attract females and announce presence or territory ownership. Females use the calls of males for selecting suitable mates. Changes in these signals or in how females respond to them may result in some females preferring to mate with certain males over others with a slightly different signal. This preferential mating is one type of reproductive isolation, and if maintained over multiple generations, it may result in speciation. Therefore, divergence in mating signals is critical to the generation and maintenance of species diversity. In western toads, Bufo boreas, production of the major mating signal, termed the advertisement call, only occurs in a small proportion of populations. Species in which some populations have a mating signal and others do not provide excellent opportunities to test for the underlying models of evolution. The evolution of female preferences and male traits will be examined in B. boreas using DNA sequencing/molecular phylogenetic, acoustic, and behavioral analyses. These analyses will also allow testing whether the advertisement call was lost and then re-gained, a scenario not previously documented for an acoustic mating signal. Additionally, morphological analyses will be conducted to assess whether call production requires morphological adaptations in addition to the behavioral decision to produce calls. Finally, acoustic analyses of multiple toad species will be conducted to examine variation in advertisement and a second call type, the release call, to determine if the release call was co-opted for the novel advertisement function in some B. boreas.Broader Impacts: This research involves cross-disciplinary training and collaborations with professors, graduate students, and federal conservation biologists in the United States and Canada. All six of the focal species receive conservation protection at some level (state, provincial, and/or federal), but taxonomic uncertainties have inhibited conservation efforts. This study will help resolve evolutionary relationships and taxonomy. Results will be published in scientific journals, presented at society meetings, and presented as part of public lectures and interviews. DNA sequence data will be made publicly available via the GenBank database.

对于人耳来说，鸟类和青蛙的叫声可以区分不同的物种，可以用于物种识别。对鸟或青蛙的耳朵来说，这些叫声是重要的交配信号，而这些信号和对它们的反应具有重大的进化影响。青蛙的叫声，就像我们更熟悉的鸣禽的叫声一样，起到吸引雌性的作用，并宣布自己的存在或领土所有权。雌性利用雄性的叫声来选择合适的配偶。这些信号的变化或雌性对它们的反应可能会导致一些雌性更喜欢与某些雄性交配，而不是与其他信号略有不同的雄性交配。这种优先交配是一种生殖隔离，如果维持多代，可能导致物种形成。因此，交配信号的分歧对于物种多样性的产生和维持至关重要。在西方蟾蜍，蟾蜍boreas，生产的主要交配信号，称为广告呼叫，只发生在一小部分人口。一些种群有交配信号，而另一些种群没有提供测试潜在进化模型的绝佳机会的物种。雌性偏好和雄性特征的进化将在B中考察。使用DNA测序/分子系统发育，声学和行为分析。这些分析还将允许测试广告呼叫是否丢失然后重新获得，这是先前没有记录的声学配对信号的情况。此外，将进行形态学分析，以评估除了产生叫声的行为决定外，叫声产生是否需要形态学适应。最后，将进行多个蟾蜍物种的声学分析，以检查广告和第二种呼叫类型（释放呼叫）的变化，以确定释放呼叫是否被增选为某些B中的新广告功能。更广泛的影响：这项研究涉及跨学科的培训和合作，与教授，研究生，和联邦保护生物学家在美国和加拿大。所有六个重点物种都在一定程度上（州、省和/或联邦）受到保护，但分类学的不确定性阻碍了保护工作。这项研究将有助于解决进化关系和分类。研究结果将发表在科学期刊上，在社会会议上提出，并作为公开讲座和采访的一部分。DNA序列数据将通过GenBank数据库公开提供。