Collaborative Research: Ecological Consequences of Inbreeding in Plants for Plant-Herbivore Interactions

合作研究：植物近交对植物与草食动物相互作用的生态后果

• 批准号: 0075225
• 负责人: David Carr
• 金额: $ 21.59万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-15 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0075225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecological; Consequences; Inbreeding

0075225CarrMore than half of all plant species self-pollinate at least 20% of the time and almost all species studied suffer reduced fitness as a result of inbreeding. Despite decades of intensive, detailed studies of the propensity and fitness consequences of inbreeding in plants, virtually nothing is known about how inbreeding influences the biology of organisms that regularly interact with inbred plants. It is likely that the loss of genetic variation within inbreeding individuals and the associated phenotypic changes in inbred plants will greatly affect other interacting populations of plants and animals. We are expanding the study of inbreeding in plants to include the interaction of plant mating-system and insect herbivory. We will conduct a series of greenhouse and field experiments to test the hypotheses that inbreeding in plants exacerbates the negative effects of herbivory and alters the quality of the host for insect herbivores. We will also partition genetic variation for herbivore resistance and host plant quality into its additive and non-additive components to assess the ability of inbreeding populations to respond to selection imposed by herbivores. Our collaborative study will be the first to unite the important disciplines of plant mating-system evolution and plant-herbivore interactions. The results of this study will have important implications for plant mating-system evolution, for the evolution of resistance in host populations, and for the long-term persistence of population fragments experiencing rising levels of inbreeding. Our results will also be relevant to the development of agricultural crops via selective breeding programs. From the herbivore's perspective, this study will provide insight into the ability of insects to respond to the environmental heterogeneity created by a mixed-mating host and their ability to exploit hosts that have restricted gene flow. As natural landscapes become increasingly fragmented, understanding the genetic and ecological processes that transpire within small populations is critical to conservation management.

0075225Carr 超过一半的植物物种在至少 20% 的时间内进行自花授粉，并且几乎所有研究的物种都因近交而导致适应性下降。 尽管对植物近交的倾向和适应性后果进行了数十年的深入、详细的研究，但实际上对近交如何影响经常与近交植物相互作用的生物体的生物学一无所知。近交个体内遗传变异的丧失以及近交植物中相关表型的变化很可能会极大地影响其他相互作用的植物和动物种群。我们正在扩大植物近交的研究，以包括植物交配系统和昆虫食草的相互作用。我们将进行一系列温室和田间实验，以检验植物近交会加剧食草动物的负面影响并改变食草昆虫宿主质量的假设。我们还将把食草动物抗性和寄主植物质量的遗传变异划分为其加性和非加性成分，以评估近交种群对食草动物施加的选择做出反应的能力。 我们的合作研究将是第一个将植物交配系统进化和植物与食草动物相互作用的重要学科结合起来的研究。这项研究的结果将对植物交配系统的进化、宿主种群抗性的进化以及经历近亲繁殖水平上升的种群碎片的长期持续存在产生重要影响。我们的结果也将与通过选择性育种计划开发农作物有关。从草食动物的角度来看，这项研究将深入了解昆虫对混合交配宿主产生的环境异质性做出反应的能力，以及它们利用基因流受限的宿主的能力。随着自然景观变得越来越分散，了解小种群内发生的遗传和生态过程对于保护管理至关重要。