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The Roles of Stress and Time in Insect Outbreaks: The Effect of a One Million-Year Successional Gradient and a 100-Year Regional Drought on the Pinyon Needle Scale

压力和时间在昆虫爆发中的作用：一百万年的演替梯度和一百年的区域干旱对松针尺度的影响

基本信息

批准号：
0075563
负责人：
Thomas Whitham
金额：
$ 33.88万
依托单位：
Northern Arizona University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-08-01 至 2004-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0075563&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Roles Stress Time Insect Outbreaks

项目摘要

0075563WhithamThis project examines the underlying role of abiotic stress, as expressed in a one million-year successional gradient of soil development and a 100-year record drought, in explaining local and regional patterns of outbreaks in a keystone insect herbivore. First, the investigators hypothesize that scale herbivory will decrease across a one million-year successional gradient of young to old volcanic soils under the same climatic regime. Second, they hypothesize that new scale outbreaks are created in response to pulse of drought and that scale populations are less stable than high stress sites that suffer chronic attack. The combination of both new outbreaks and chronic infestations of pinyon needle scale provides the basis for a series of experiments that are designed to increase our understanding of the factors that promote and maintain insect outbreaks. These factors will be examined through intensive population studies comparing incipient outbreaks and chronic infestations, as well as reciprocal transplant experiments of soils and plants. These studies represent a critical opportunity to integrate a million-year successional gradient, chronic stress and acute stress events to explain spatial and temporal dynamics of an outbreak species that has expanded during a recent drought to become a regional problem.

0075563 Whitham该项目研究了非生物胁迫的潜在作用，表现在土壤发育的100万年演替梯度和100年创纪录的干旱，在解释当地和区域模式的爆发在一个基石昆虫食草动物。首先，研究人员假设，在相同的气候条件下，从年轻到古老的火山土壤的100万年的演替梯度中，鳞片食草动物会减少。其次，他们假设新的规模爆发是为了应对干旱的脉冲，规模种群比遭受慢性攻击的高压力地点更不稳定。新的爆发和慢性侵染的松叶针鳞的组合提供了一系列实验的基础，旨在增加我们的理解，促进和维持昆虫爆发的因素。这些因素将通过密集的人口研究进行审查，比较初期爆发和慢性虫害，以及土壤和植物的相互移植实验。这些研究是一个关键的机会，整合百万年的演替梯度，慢性压力和急性压力事件，以解释空间和时间动态的爆发物种，在最近的干旱扩大成为一个区域性问题。