Osmoregulation in Insects

昆虫的渗透调节

• 批准号: 0079501
• 负责人: Timothy Bradley
• 金额: $ 25.96万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0079501&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Osmoregulation; Insects

Animals lose water through a variety of avenues, including evaporation from the skin surface, respiratory water loss and excretory water loss. It has long been known that insects may be particularly vulnerable to rapid water loss due to their small size and their occurrence in dry environments, including (stored grain, deserts, saline waters, etc.). This project includes studies on the mechanisms of water regulation in populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which have undergone selection for more than 200 generations for increased resistance to dry environments. Use of fruit flies that have undergone selection for resistance to dry environments provides several experimental advantages. Selection leads to large physiological differences in a single species, allowing detailed physiological comparisons to be carried out. The history of the populations is known, as is the timing of the processes by which the physiological changes have occurred. Finally by conducting these studies with fruit flies, a vast array of molecular and genetic techniques becomes available for studying the mechanisms of water regulation in insects. Such work may be very helpful in developing techniques for interfering with water balance in insect pest species, in the production of new non-toxic insecticides, and in the discovery of novel insect control strategies.

动物通过各种途径失去水分，包括从皮肤表面蒸发，呼吸水分损失和排泄水分损失。 长期以来，人们已经知道，昆虫可能特别容易受到快速失水的影响，这是由于它们的体积小并且它们出现在干燥的环境中，包括（储存的谷物、沙漠、盐水沃茨等）。 该项目包括研究果蝇种群的水分调节机制，果蝇经过200多代的选择，对干燥环境的抵抗力增强。 使用已经经历了对干燥环境的抗性选择的果蝇提供了几个实验优势。 选择导致单个物种的生理差异很大，允许进行详细的生理比较。 种群的历史是已知的，生理变化发生的时间也是已知的。 最后，通过对果蝇进行这些研究，大量的分子和遗传技术可用于研究昆虫的水分调节机制。 这些工作可能非常有助于开发干扰害虫物种水分平衡的技术，生产新的无毒杀虫剂，以及发现新的昆虫控制策略。