Physiology of Osmoregulation in Saline-Water Insects

盐水昆虫渗透调节的生理学

• 批准号: 9018345
• 负责人: Timothy Bradley
• 金额: $ 20.3万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 1995-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9018345&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiology; Osmoregulation; Saline; Water; Insects

One of the most fundamental processes inherent in animal cells is the capacity to transport ions and water. These processes are very important in the functioning of the human body, for example, in the production of saliva, sweat, urine, stomach secretions etc. Dr. Bradley is studying insects that live in a very saline lake, Mono Lake, in east central California. This lake is 2.5 times as salty as the ocean and contains very high levels of sulfate. Despite these unusual conditions, brine flies live by the billions in Mono Lake. He is investigating the mechanisms of salt transport in the midgut (the site of salt entry) and hindgut (the site of salt exit) in these flies. The flies may well contain the most active sulfate pumps known in biology. He anticipates that the information he will gather will be of broad use in understanding the mechanisms of salt transport in other biological systems and in man, for example in the kidney. It is a well established practice to examine physiological processes in non-human model systems where the process is highly exaggerated. Electrical generation has been very successfully studied in electric eels, nervous function in the giant axons of squid and processes of genetic selection in the fruit fly which has very short generation times. He intends to use the same principle in examining sulfate transport in the most active sulfate system known.

动物细胞固有的最基本过程之一是运输离子和水的能力。 这些过程对于人体的功能非常重要，例如唾液、汗液、尿液、胃分泌物等的产生。布拉德利博士正在研究生活在加利福尼亚州中东部莫诺湖盐分很高的湖泊中的昆虫。 该湖的盐度是海洋的 2.5 倍，并且含有非常高含量的硫酸盐。 尽管条件不寻常，莫诺湖中仍有数十亿丰水蝇生活。 他正在研究这些果蝇中肠（盐进入的部位）和后肠（盐排出的部位）的盐转运机制。 果蝇很可能含有生物学中已知的最活跃的硫酸盐泵。 他预计他将收集的信息将广泛用于理解其他生物系统和人体（例如肾脏）的盐转运机制。 在非人类模型系统中检查生理过程是一种行之有效的做法，其中该过程被高度夸大。 电鳗的发电、鱿鱼巨大轴突的神经功能以及世代时间非常短的果蝇的遗传选择过程都得到了非常成功的研究。 他打算使用相同的原理来检查已知最活跃的硫酸盐系统中硫酸盐的运输。