ITR: Interfaces for Supporting Over-The-Shoulder Learning

例如，对于许多人来说，学习如何使用软件的一个关键形式不是通过参加培训课程，也不是阅读手册或在线帮助，或者使用软件进行实验。相反，他们可能会靠在同事的肩膀上寻求帮助。这种过肩学习(OTSL)对于更多地了解它的相对重要性以及它成功和不成功的情况是很重要的。在研究图书馆和办公室非正式协作帮助的先前工作的基础上，该研究将讨论OTSL发生的频率及其作为一种学习方式的重要性，OTSL的可能流派，随着时间的推移学习软件应用程序的演变，人们用来支持OTSL的资源，目前实践中OTSL的障碍，这项工作将有助于确定最有潜力提高OTSL有效性的功能，并有助于用户界面设计和计算机支持的合作工作和学习的基础研究。

EIA-0081112Twidale, MichaelUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignITR: Interfaces for Supporting Over-The-Shoulder LearningFor many people, a key form of learning how to use software, for example,is not by taking a training course, nor reading a manual or online help, orexperimenting with the software. Instead they may lean over the shoulderof a colleague at work and ask for help. This over-the-shoulder-learning(OTSL) is important to study to understand more about its relativeimportance and the circumstances in which it is and is not successful.Building on prior work studying informal collaborative help in librariesand offices, the research will address how often OTSL occurs and itssignificance as a way of learning, possible genres of OTSL, the evolutionof learning a software application over time, the resources people use tosupport OTSL, barriers to OTSL as currently practiced, and the skills ofefficient help-giving and determining how these skills may best be taught.This work will help determine the functionalities that have the greatestpotential for improving the effectiveness of OTSL and contribute tofundamental research in user interface design and computer-supportedcooperative work and learning.