Workshop on Autoadaptive Media in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

自适应媒体是通过改变其特性来响应外部刺激的系统、材料和/或设备。这种特征或属性的变化可用于修改系统的响应，或用于监视系统的运行状况或状况。目前，自适应媒体被用于航空、汽车和医疗行业。尽管研究人员指出了在土木工程中使用自适应媒体的许多机会，但很少有研究集中在土木工程应用上，几乎没有人针对岩土工程进行研究。这种在土木工程中应用的缺乏反映了这个社区内缺乏关于可用的自适应媒体及其可能的应用的信息。因此，本次研讨会的主要目的是向岩土地震工程领域的主要研究人员介绍自适应介质的概念，描述自适应介质的一些当前应用，并鼓励对可能在岩土地震工程中的应用进行创造性的讨论。自适应材料的例子有形状记忆合金，其性能随温度和应力而变化；压电复合材料，其将电流转换为机械力，或相反；磁流变液和电流变流体，分别在磁场或电场的存在下从粘性液体转变为固体；磁致和电致伸缩固体，在相同的电场存在下改变性质；和微机械系统(MEMS)，即安装在微芯片上的小型机电设备。这些创新的材料和系统有可能在地震工程研究和实践中以两种截然不同的方式产生重大影响。首先，新的传感器技术将影响进行实验研究的方式：小型、廉价和坚固的传感器--可能是无线的--将允许准确测量更多的材料和系统参数，而对被监测系统的干扰更小。其次，新的传感器技术和新的自适应材料和系统都将影响土木工程系统在地震期间和地震后的性能和监测：新的传感器将使系统的健康状况在地震后得到快速和准确的评估。此外，地震期间来自这些传感器的数据将使我们能够对这些系统在强烈地震震动下的动态响应获得重要的见解。讲习班的成果将在地震工程界和与自适应媒体有关的领域广泛传播，并将在万维网上公布。

Autoadaptive media are systems, materials, and/or devices that respond to external stimuli by changing their characteristics. This change in characteristics or properties can be used to modify the response of the system, or to monitor the health or condition of the system. Currently, autoadaptive media are used in the aeronautical, automotive, and medical industries. Although researchers have pointed to the many opportunities for using autoadaptive media in civil engineering, little research has focused on civil engineering applications, and virtually none has been directed to geotechnical engineering. This lack of applications in civil engineering is a reflection of the lack of information within this community regarding available autoadaptive media and their possible applications. Consequently, the major goals of this workshop are to introduce the concept of autoadaptive media to leading researchers in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, to describe some of the current applications of autoadaptive media, and to stimulate creative discussions on possible uses in geotechnical earthquake engineering.Examples of autoadaptive materials are shape-memory alloys whose properties change based on temperature and stress; piezoelectric composites that convert electric current into mechanical force or vise versa; magneto-rheological and electro-rheological fluids that change from a viscous liquid to a solid in the presence of a magnetic or electric field, respectively; magneto- and electro-strictive solids that change properties in the presence of the same fields; and micromechanical systems (MEMS), which are small electomechanical machines that fit on a microchip.These innovative materials and systems have the potential to make a significant impact in earthquake engineering research and practice in two distinct ways. First, new sensor technologies will affect the way experimental research is performed: small, inexpensive, and robust sensors -- that are perhaps wireless -- will permit accurate measurement of more material and system parameters with a smaller disturbance to the system being monitored. Second, both new sensor technologies and new autoadaptive materials and systems will affect the performance and monitoring of civil engineering systems during and after earthquakes: new sensors will permit the health of systems to be assessed quickly and accurately after an earthquake. Further, data from these sensors during an earthquake will allow significant insights to be gained into the dynamic response of these systems under strong earthquake shaking. The results from the workshop will be distributed widely throughout the earthquake engineering community and fields related to autoadaptive media, and will be available on the World Wide Web.