Co-Evolution of Human Societies and Landscapes in the Capital Territory of Late Shang State (Phase II)

晚商都城人类社会与景观的共同演化（第二阶段）

• 批准号: 0090179
• 负责人: George Rapp
• 金额: $ 11.51万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2004-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0090179&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Co; Evolution; Human; Societies; Landscapes

With support from the National Science Foundation an American and Chinese team led by George Rapp and Zhichun Jing from the American side and Wang Wei and Tang Jigen from the Chinese side will continue archaeological research at Late Shang site of Anyang in the Chinese Province of Henan. This multidisciplinary research focuses on the co-evolution of human societies and landscapes in the capital territory of the Late Shang state. With prior NSF support the project located and is excavating a major new site, now called Huanbei Shang City [Huanbei means 'north of the Huan River'], that fills in an important chronological gap in our knowledge of the Shang peoples. This site bridges the critical gap between the Zhengzhou phase of the Early Shang and the Yinxu phase of the Late Shang. This site was discovered by systematic geoarchaeological core drilling that was undertaken to determine the third [vertical] dimension and nature of the archaeological deposits in the central region of the Late Shang Dynasty. The team will now continue its excavation of Huanbei Shang City, its archaeological and geoarchaeological surveys, and its studies of environmental change in relation to the operation and final collapse of the Late Shang state. Further excavation at Huanbei Shang City should clarify its political status, including the question of its possible status as the capital during the reign of Pan Geng and two succeeding kings.Complex societies developed in many parts of the world apparently independently and roughly at the same time. Given similarities among individual cases, researchers believe that the emergence of civilization results not from historical accident but from an underlying developmental process which is amenable to scientific description. To gain insight, use of a comparative approach allows individual cases in different parts of the world to be examined for common features and trends. Given intensive archaeological research over many decades a great deal is known about cradles of civilization in Middle and South American and the Near East. Unfortunately the prehistory of China is less well understood and the work of Dr. Rapp and colleagues will help to fill a major gap in the Central Chinese sequence.

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，由美国乔治拉普和景之春以及中国王伟和唐继根率领的中美考古队将继续在中国河南安阳晚商遗址进行考古研究。这项多学科研究的重点是在晚商国家首都地区的人类社会和景观的共同演变。在先前的NSF支持下，该项目定位并正在挖掘一个主要的新遗址，现在被称为环北商城[环北的意思是'洹河以北']，它填补了我们对商代人的认识中一个重要的时间空白。该遗址是商代早期郑州阶段和商代晚期殷墟阶段之间的重要桥梁。该遗址是通过系统的地质考古岩心钻探发现的，该钻探旨在确定商代晚期中部地区考古沉积物的第三[垂直]维度和性质。该团队现在将继续对环北商城进行挖掘，进行考古和地质考古调查，并研究与晚商国家运作和最终崩溃有关的环境变化。 对环北商城的进一步发掘应该可以澄清它的政治地位，包括它在盘庚和两个后继国王统治期间可能作为首都的问题。复杂的社会在世界许多地方明显独立地发展，而且大致在同一时间。鉴于个别案例之间的相似性，研究人员认为，文明的出现不是历史偶然的结果，而是一个潜在的发展过程，这是适合科学描述的。为了深入了解情况，采用比较方法可以审查世界不同地区的个案，以找出共同的特点和趋势。由于几十年来深入的考古研究，人们对中美洲、南美洲和近东的文明摇篮有了大量的了解。不幸的是，中国的史前史还没有得到很好的理解，拉普博士和他的同事们的工作将有助于填补中国中部序列的一个主要空白。