The Role of Local Political Hierarchies in Colonization of Mexico's Southern Frontier

地方政治等级制度在墨西哥南部边境殖民化中的作用

• 批准号: 0093739
• 负责人: Nora Haenn
• 金额: $ 2.8万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-03-01 至 2003-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0093739&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Local; Political; Hierarchies; Colonization

0093739HaennColonization of agricultural frontiers is a crucial factor driving global deforestation. Tropical forests house valuable biodiversity which contributes to the health of the global environment. This project by a cultural anthropologist from Arizona State University examines the micro-political processes shaping settlement of Mexico's tropical frontier to assess how these processes contribute to land use decisions by swidden farmers. The project focuses on the ejido, or communally managed farm community, to examine how village power dynamics affect migration and farming practices. The project studies Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico, home to 25,000 migrant farmers and the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico's largest protected tropical ecosystem. Preliminary studies show that village conflict affects farming decisions. Calakmul residents distinguish between landed and non-landed farmers, the latter having no voice in ejidal assemblies that formulate local policies. The project will employ a team of researchers from a regional university and local communities to conduct village and household level surveys in 10 communities over a period of five months. The surveys, coupled with archival information, will document the range of variation in inequality in the area. Hypotheses will be tested relating the political status of newcomers and the quality and quantity of land available to them, as well as the focus on cash rather than subsistence crops, intercropping and input levels of labor and fertilizer. Given the recent growth of Calakmul as a site of in-migration, and changes in Mexico's ejido legislation, this research will provide valuable information on the nature and sources of change in local environmental practices. This new knowledge will be relevant to other situations of threats to biodiversity in tropical areas of expanding population.

0093739Haenn 农业边疆的殖民化是推动全球森林砍伐的关键因素。 热带森林拥有宝贵的生物多样性，有助于全球环境的健康。 亚利桑那州立大学的文化人类学家的这个项目研究了塑造墨西哥热带边境定居的微观政治过程，以评估这些过程如何影响轮耕农民的土地使用决策。 该项目重点关注 ejido（即公共管理的农场社区），以研究村庄权力动态如何影响移民和农业实践。该项目研究了墨西哥坎佩切州的卡拉克穆尔（Calakmul），那里有 25,000 名农民工和卡拉克穆尔生物圈保护区（墨西哥最大的受保护热带生态系统）。初步研究表明，村庄冲突会影响农业决策。 卡拉克穆尔居民区分有地农民和无地农民，后者在制定地方政策的 ejidal 议会中没有发言权。 该项目将聘请来自地区大学和当地社区的研究人员团队在五个月内对 10 个社区进行村庄和家庭层面的调查。这些调查与档案信息相结合，将记录该地区不平等现象的变化范围。将测试有关新来者的政治地位、他们可用土地的质量和数量、以及对现金而非自给作物、间作以及劳动力和化肥投入水平的假设。鉴于卡拉克穆尔最近作为移民地点的增长以及墨西哥 ejido 立法的变化，这项研究将为当地环境实践变化的性质和来源提供有价值的信息。这一新知识将与人口不断增长的热带地区生物多样性受到威胁的其他情况相关。