Tomato cysteine proteases and pathogen-derived inhibitors: the molecular arms-race towards defense and recognition

番茄半胱氨酸蛋白酶和病原体衍生抑制剂：防御和识别的分子军备竞赛

• 批准号: 146331277
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Renier A.L. van der Hoorn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: The Sainsbury Laboratory (TSL)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/146331277?language=en
• 关键词: Tomato; cysteine; proteases; pathogen; derived

The way how plants recognize pathogens and mount defense responses has been subject of intense research over the past decade, resulting in important working models such as the Guard Model, which explains the indirect perception mechanism by resistance gene products in gene-for-gene interactions. One of the key examples is tomato protease RCR3, which is required for recognition of pathogenic fungi producing AVR2 by the tomato resistance gene Cf-2. The Cf2 protein seems to ‘guard’ RCR3 to monitor its inhibition by AVR2 (Guard Model). However, our recent data showed that AVR2 also inhibits a more abundant protease called PIP1, suggesting that PIP1 is the operative target of AVR2 and that RCR3 acts as a decoy to trap the fungus into a recognition event (Decoy Model). In addition, we found that tomato pathogens from bacterial and oomycete kingdoms also produce inhibitors that can target RCR3 and related proteases, and that the proteases targeted by these inhibitors are under diversifying selection. These data suggest an important role for RCR3 and related proteases in defense and recognition of pathogens from different kingdoms. This proposal concerns a series of simple pathogen assays and inhibition experiments that will be used to determine: 1) the role of RCR3 and other proteases in plant-pathogen interactions (testing Guard and Decoy Models); 2) the role of variant residues in RCR3 and other proteases in inhibition and recognition of AVR2 and inhibitors from other kingdoms; 3) test novel ways of crop protection using inhibitor-insensitive proteases and improved sensors for pathogen-derived inhibitors. Thus, with a series of straightforward, feasible assays and through a continuation of a fruitful collaboration with Dr. Sophien Kamoun (Sainsbury lab, Norwich, UK), this project aims to deliver answers to many of the current key questions in molecular plant pathology.

在过去的十年里，植物如何识别病原体并发起防御反应的方式一直是深入研究的主题，产生了重要的工作模型，例如“警卫模型”，它解释了基因间相互作用中抗性基因产物的间接感知机制。关键例子之一是番茄蛋白酶 RCR3，它是番茄抗性基因 Cf-2 识别产生 AVR2 的病原真菌所必需的。 Cf2 蛋白似乎“守卫”RCR3，以监测 AVR2（守卫模型）对其的抑制作用。然而，我们最近的数据显示，AVR2 还抑制一种更丰富的蛋白酶，称为 PIP1，这表明 PIP1 是 AVR2 的操作靶标，而 RCR3 充当诱饵，将真菌诱入识别事件（诱饵模型）。此外，我们发现来自细菌和卵菌界的番茄病原体也会产生能够靶向RCR3和相关蛋白酶的抑制剂，并且这些抑制剂针对的蛋白酶正在多样化选择。这些数据表明 RCR3 和相关蛋白酶在防御和识别来自不同界的病原体中发挥着重要作用。该提案涉及一系列简单的病原体检测和抑制实验，用于确定：1）RCR3 和其他蛋白酶在植物-病原体相互作用中的作用（测试 Guard 和 Decoy 模型）； 2）RCR3和其他蛋白酶中的变异残基在抑制和识别AVR2和来自其他领域的抑制剂中的作用； 3）使用抑制剂不敏感的蛋白酶和改进的病原体衍生抑制剂传感器来测试作物保护的新方法。因此，通过一系列简单、可行的测定，并通过与 Sophien Kamoun 博士（英国诺维奇塞恩斯伯里实验室）继续富有成效的合作，该项目旨在为分子植物病理学中当前的许多关键问题提供答案。

项目成果

Dual disease resistance mediated by the immune receptor Cf-2 in tomato requires a common virulence target of a fungus and a nematode

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202867109
• 发表时间: 2012-06-19
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Lozano-Torres, Jose L.;Wilbers, Ruud H. P.;Smant, Geert
• 通讯作者: Smant, Geert

Effector Specialization in a Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen

• DOI: 10.1126/science.1246300
• 发表时间: 2014-01-31
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Dong, Suomeng;Stam, Remco;Kamoun, Sophien
• 通讯作者: Kamoun, Sophien