Non-Contact River Discharge and Precipitation Measurements

非接触式河流流量和降水测量

• 批准号: 0106391
• 负责人: William Plant
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-15 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0106391&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Non; Contact; River; Discharge; Precipitation

0106391PlantThe US Geological Survey routinely measures river discharge at more than 7000 sites in the United States by monitoring the height, or stage, of the rivers. This requires that the relation between stage and discharge be accurately known. Present methods of acquiring such calibration data place instruments and, often personnel, in the water. At high flow rates such measurements are both difficult and hazardous; at extremely high rates, they cannot be made at all. Yet the need for these measurements is especially acute at very high flow rates in order to monitor and predict flooding conditions. In this proposal we outline research to develop a microwave system capable of remotely measuring river discharge under nearly all flow conditions. Additionally, the system will provide infon-nation on rainfall.Our approach is to construct an array of simple continuous-wave microwave systems and algorithms for analyzing their output in order to obtain river surface velocities and rain rates remotely and continuously. The primary focus of the project will be on the algorithms needed to obtain accurate currents and rain rates since the microwave and data acquisition systems will be relatively simple. Current information is contained in the Doppler shift of the microwaves backscattered from the river while rain rates are related to the intensity of the return from raindrops. The initial application of the prototype system will be long-term measurements from a bridge on the Cowlitz River near Castle Rock, WA. The work will be carried out in collaboration with the USGS, who will mount the antenna of a ground-penetrating radar on a cableway near the bridge. The combined measurements have the potential to yield discharge.This research will provide inexpensive, portable systems for making river discharge and precipitation measurements. Continuous, remote measurements with these systems will improve development and monitoring of international and interstate agreements on allocation of water resources; provide streamflow data to manage and improve water quality; assess changes in the riverine environment that affect the quality of river and riparian habitat; and improve the estimation of flood frequency and flood inundation areas.

【参考译文】美国地质调查局通过监测河流的高度或水位，定期测量美国7000多个地点的河流流量。这就要求准确地知道级和流量之间的关系。目前获取此类校准数据的方法是将仪器（通常是人员）放在水中。在高流速下，这种测量既困难又危险；在极高的速率下，它们根本无法制造。然而，在非常高的流量下，为了监测和预测洪水状况，对这些测量的需求尤其迫切。在本提案中，我们概述了研究开发一种微波系统，能够远程测量几乎所有流量条件下的河流流量。此外，该系统还将提供降雨信息。我们的方法是构建一系列简单的连续波微波系统和算法来分析它们的输出，以便远程连续地获得河流表面速度和降雨率。由于微波和数据采集系统相对简单，该项目的主要重点将放在获得准确电流和降雨率所需的算法上。当前信息包含在河流反向散射微波的多普勒频移中，而雨率与雨滴返回的强度有关。原型系统的最初应用将是在西澳城堡岩石附近的考利茨河上的一座桥上进行长期测量。这项工作将与美国地质勘探局合作进行，美国地质勘探局将在大桥附近的索道上安装探地雷达天线。组合测量有可能产生放电。这项研究将为测量河流流量和降水提供廉价、便携的系统。利用这些系统进行持续的远程测量将改进关于水资源分配的国际和州际协定的制定和监测；提供水流数据，以管理和改善水质；评估影响河流及沿岸生境质量的河流环境变化；改进了洪水频率和洪水淹没面积的估算。