Household, Community, and Power in Precolumbian Puerto Rico

前哥伦布时期波多黎各的家庭、社区和权力

• 批准号: 0106520
• 负责人: Luis Curet
• 金额: $ 6万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-15 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0106520&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Household; Community; Power; Precolumbian; Puerto

With National Science Foundation support Drs. Antonio Curet and Lee Newsom will conduct preliminary archaeological survey at the site of Tibes, located adjacent to the southern coast of Puerto Rico near the city of Ponce. Discovered in 1975 the site is composed of a variety of highly distinctive archaeological features including discrete cultural deposits from two periods, middens and twelve stone structures (ball courts, plazas and causeways). Original excavations uncovered two cemeteries and other burials dispersed across the site. Likely Tibes also contains a full range of domestic deposits with the potential to reveal a complex history of space use and community pattern. This civic-ceremonial center is of significant scientific interest because it is the oldest in the Caribbean and may document the rise of a complex chiefdom level of society. The Taino native inhabitants of much of this region formed some of the most complex "pre-state" societies in the New World and Spanish chroniclers, attempting to apply European categories described their organization as "feudal kingdoms."The highly developed social-political organization of these groups was accompanied by an intricate religious system controlled by chiefs who were able to gather labor for communal work or war, and who accumulated wealth and staple products.While much archaeological effort has been devoted to understanding the rise of social complexity in regions of North, Middle and South America the Caribbean has been relatively unstudied. Because islands constitute delimited areas where social boundaries can be clearly defined, they provide an excellent venue for study of individual group development. With National Science Foundation support, Drs. Curet and Newsom will conduct a geophysical survey of Tibes and test the utility of three techniques - resistivity, magnetometry and ground penetrating radar - to determine their ability to locate and determine the nature of buried archaeological features, including hard to locate domestic areas. They will then conduct test excavations to match remotely sensed anomalies with buried counterparts. The information gathered will be used to develop a methodology and set the stage for a longer term project which examines the rise and nature of Tanio social complexity.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，安东尼奥·库雷特博士和李·纽瑟姆博士将在靠近波多黎各南部海岸的庞塞市附近的蒂贝斯遗址进行初步考古调查。该遗址于1975年被发现，由各种非常独特的考古特征组成，包括两个时期的离散文化沉积物、助产士和12个石头结构(球场、广场和堤道)。最初的挖掘发现了两个墓地和其他散布在遗址上的墓葬。很可能，泰伯斯还包含全方位的国内矿藏，有可能揭示出复杂的空间使用历史和社区模式。这个公民仪式中心具有重大的科学价值，因为它是加勒比海地区最古老的中心，可能记录了复杂的酋长阶层的崛起。这一地区大部分地区的泰诺原住民形成了新大陆最复杂的“前国家”社会，西班牙编年史作者试图将他们的组织描述为“封建王国”。这些群体高度发达的社会政治组织伴随着一个复杂的宗教体系，这些酋长能够为社区工作或战争聚集劳动力，并积累财富和主要产品。虽然许多考古工作都致力于了解北美、中美和南美地区社会复杂性的上升，但加勒比海地区的研究相对较少。由于岛屿构成了可以清楚界定社会边界的划定区域，它们为研究个人群体发展提供了一个极好的场所。在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，库雷特和纽瑟姆博士将对泰伯斯进行地球物理调查，并测试三种技术--电阻率、磁测量和探地雷达--的实用性，以确定它们定位和确定埋藏考古特征的能力，包括难以确定国内地区的位置。然后，他们将进行试掘，将遥感异常与埋藏的异常进行匹配。收集到的信息将被用来制定一种方法，并为一个更长期的项目奠定基础，该项目将审查TANIO社会复杂性的兴起和性质。