MRPG: Type of Information Processing and Attitude-Behavior Relations

70多年来，心理学家一直在寻找不同的方法来衡量态度，并理解态度和行为之间的关系。这个项目通过检查四类态度测量，并通过展示这些测量如何与不同类型的行为相关联，增加了现有的知识体系。当代态度测量一般有两种类型：显性和隐性。外显态度测试要求人们根据储存在记忆中的评价来报告自己的态度；内隐态度测量类似地评估评价倾向，但它们不需要有意识地回忆储存的信息。此外，当代态度-行为关系理论认为，明确的测量方法可以可靠地预测深思熟虑、有意识选择的行为；这种隐性测量方法可以可靠地预测自发的、自动的行为。我们认为，以前的外显测量无法预测自发行为，内隐测量无法预测审慎行为，可能是由于态度测量的类型和态度测量所需的认知加工水平的混淆。通过对这些变量（测量类型、认知加工类型）的梳理，提出了四类测量：审慎外显测量、审慎内隐测量、自发外显测量和自发内隐测量。本研究旨在证明在态度和行为相关的信息加工类型中，测量类型是次要的。也就是说，协商措施，无论是显性的还是隐性的，都应该可靠地预测协商行为。同样，自发测量，无论是显性的还是隐性的，都应该可靠地预测自发行为。

For over 70 years psychologists have sought different ways to measure attitudes, and to understand the relationship between attitudes and behavior. This project adds to the extant body of knowledge by examining four classes of attitude measures, and by demonstrating how these measures relate to different types of behaviors. Contemporary attitude measures are generally of two types: explicit and implicit. Explicit attitude measures ask people to report their attitudes by drawing on evaluations stored in memory; implicit attitude measures similarly assess evaluative tendencies, but they do not require intentional recollection of stored information. Further, contemporary theories of attitude-behavior relations posit that explicit measures reliably predict deliberative, consciously-chosen behaviors; and that implicit measures reliably predict spontaneous, automatic behaviors. It is proposed that the previous failure of explicit measures to predict spontaneous behaviors, and of implicit measures to predict deliberative behaviors, may be due to a confounding of the type of attitude measure and the level of cognitive processing required by the attitude measure. By untangling these variables (type of measure, type of cognitive processing), four categories of measures are proposed: deliberative explicit measures, deliberative implicit measures, spontaneous explicit measures, and spontaneous implicit measures. The present research aims to demonstrate that the type of measure is secondary to the type of information processing in relating attitudes and behavior. That is, deliberative measures, whether they be explicit or implicit, should reliably predict deliberative behaviors. Similarly, spontaneous measures, whether they be explicit or implicit, should reliably predict spontaneous behaviors.